Table 1-11. Percent distribution of past-year recovery status at Wave 2 among individuals in full remission from DSM-IV alcohol dependence at Wave 1, by sex and age group, according to selected respondent characteristics at Wave 1.

Table 1-11. Percent distribution of past‑year recovery status1 at Wave 2 among individuals in full remission2 from DSM‑IV alcohol dependence at Wave 1, by sex and age group, according to selected respondent characteristics at Wave 1.

Respondent characteristics at Wave 1 and past‑year recovery status at Wave 2	Both sexes		Sex				Age group at Wave 1
	Estimate	S.E.	Male		Female		18–24 years		25–44 years		45–64 years		65 years and older
	Estimate	S.E.	Estimate	S.E.	Estimate	S.E.	Estimate	S.E.	Estimate	S.E.	Estimate	S.E.	Estimate	S.E.
Total
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.20	0.99	14.52	1.29	16.50	1.75	23.37	4.96	17.93	1.58	12.26	1.69	7.26	2.73
Low-risk drinker	27.37	1.30	24.94	1.63	32.07	2.05	15.52	4.74	30.56	1.82	25.73	2.03	22.32	4.02
Abstainer	36.32	1.35	38.29	1.87	32.50	2.05	17.72	4.80	26.63	1.64	46.34	2.15	60.00	5.06
Partial remission	17.64	1.00	18.53	1.29	15.93	1.68	37.34	6.10	20.94	1.62	12.46	1.32	10.02	2.77
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.48	0.41	3.72	0.53	3.01	0.73	*6.05	2.88	3.94	0.68	3.20	0.62	*0.40	0.40
Race/Ethnicity
White, Not Hispanic or Latino
Asymptomatic risk drinker	16.44	1.19	15.87	1.48	17.49	2.02	25.43	5.49	19.19	1.92	13.51	1.92	*8.55	3.22
Low-risk drinker	28.33	1.46	25.56	1.87	33.47	2.29	16.04	5.20	31.58	2.06	26.56	2.28	25.36	4.58
Abstainer	34.47	1.55	37.03	2.16	29.72	2.22	17.48	5.18	24.28	1.86	44.89	2.44	55.47	5.48
Partial remission	17.45	1.17	18.14	1.50	16.17	1.90	34.26	6.30	21.20	1.93	12.02	1.46	10.62	3.19
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.31	0.47	3.40	0.60	3.14	0.85	*6.80	3.22	3.74	0.76	3.03	0.67	—	—
Black, Not Hispanic or Latino
Asymptomatic risk drinker	10.51	2.59	12.39	3.12	*6.46	2.99	—	—	15.06	4.41	*7.64	2.65	—	—
Low-risk drinker	15.07	2.44	11.91	2.74	21.90	5.66	*20.24	22.83	17.95	4.11	13.22	3.89	*7.23	5.83
Abstainer	55.48	4.79	52.09	5.68	62.80	6.47	—	—	48.13	6.83	60.25	5.80	80.03	7.44
Partial remission	15.20	2.75	18.85	3.85	*7.32	2.97	*79.76	22.83	17.48	4.54	12.21	4.51	*7.83	5.07
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*3.74	1.57	*4.76	2.22	*1.53	1.10	—	—	*1.37	1.07	*6.68	3.90	*4.91	4.81
American Indian/Alaska Native, Not Hispanic or Latino
Asymptomatic risk drinker	*15.70	5.48	*12.25	7.07	*21.52	8.71	—	—	*23.82	8.73	*7.35	5.68	—	—
Low-risk drinker	27.26	6.27	*21.77	7.85	*36.51	11.64	—	—	*30.14	9.37	*26.41	9.35	—	—
Abstainer	41.91	7.94	44.55	10.54	*37.46	13.36	—	—	*28.25	11.63	55.00	11.30	*78.41	21.36
Partial remission	*7.91	3.55	*9.93	4.76	*4.51	4.46	—	—	*4.08	3.70	*11.24	6.68	*21.59	21.36
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*7.21	3.71	*11.50	6.04	—	—	—	—	*13.71	6.66	—	—	—	—
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Not Hispanic or Latino
Asymptomatic risk drinker	*5.31	3.23	*5.04	3.50	*7.67	5.91	—	—	*4.33	3.52	*13.94	8.39	—	—
Low-risk drinker	*36.28	12.79	*39.72	14.25	*6.78	6.97	—	—	*41.26	16.13	*40.47	20.82	—	—
Abstainer	*33.96	9.41	*32.90	10.28	*42.98	21.11	—	—	*32.30	12.62	*27.84	24.95	*100.00	0.00
Partial remission	*22.56	7.88	*22.34	8.42	*24.46	16.93	*100.00	0.00	*19.51	8.74	*17.75	17.79	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*1.89	1.73	—	—	*18.11	16.50	—	—	*2.60	2.44	—	—	—	—
Hispanic or Latino
Asymptomatic risk drinker	7.13	2.04	*5.91	2.44	9.97	3.53	*10.11	7.33	9.68	3.17	*2.34	1.15	*1.61	1.76
Low-risk drinker	25.31	4.41	26.75	5.70	21.96	4.70	*12.65	11.81	27.69	6.42	25.43	5.51	*8.60	6.87
Abstainer	37.74	5.78	38.21	7.19	36.66	6.40	*29.36	15.42	29.38	6.66	47.47	9.00	*89.79	7.41
Partial remission	26.32	4.63	25.55	5.54	28.10	6.81	*47.87	17.78	29.79	5.74	19.98	8.02	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.50	1.25	*3.57	1.64	*3.31	2.07	—	—	*3.45	1.74	*4.78	2.66	—	—
Marital Status
Married
Asymptomatic risk drinker	16.22	1.38	15.58	1.69	17.70	2.57	*17.25	8.68	19.43	2.02	13.85	2.34	*7.27	3.68
Low-risk drinker	30.00	1.70	27.06	2.05	36.87	2.87	32.25	9.76	32.60	2.26	26.93	2.64	27.30	5.55
Abstainer	35.07	1.85	37.95	2.35	28.37	2.87	*14.14	6.43	26.07	2.21	44.30	3.05	54.82	6.68
Partial remission	15.83	1.24	16.52	1.54	14.23	2.24	*24.05	8.99	19.34	1.80	11.80	1.80	*10.02	3.73
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	2.87	0.50	2.89	0.60	2.84	0.95	*12.32	6.75	2.56	0.71	3.11	0.80	*0.59	0.59
Living with someone as if married
Asymptomatic risk drinker	16.29	5.22	*10.74	4.77	*27.77	10.10	*14.51	13.67	*15.24	5.74	*20.06	10.67	—	—
Low-risk drinker	21.95	5.00	22.55	6.50	*20.70	7.66	*19.47	17.28	23.84	6.72	*20.06	8.22	—	—
Abstainer	20.01	4.89	19.54	5.87	*20.99	8.08	*6.63	4.44	*12.89	5.35	40.21	10.48	—	—
Partial remission	32.88	6.73	35.58	8.29	*27.27	9.10	*59.39	18.96	34.76	8.42	*17.00	8.68	*100.00	0.00
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*8.87	3.64	*11.58	5.22	*3.28	2.51	—	—	*13.28	5.68	*2.68	2.68	—	—
Widowed
Asymptomatic risk drinker	*5.38	2.57	*7.49	5.12	*4.11	2.67	—	—	—	—	*7.45	4.23	*3.92	3.41
Low-risk drinker	17.37	5.46	*20.13	7.61	*15.72	6.85	—	—	*39.16	20.54	*20.59	8.90	*10.21	5.34
Abstainer	61.98	7.02	61.96	9.84	61.99	9.33	—	—	*9.19	9.11	58.08	11.17	74.94	7.79
Partial remission	14.11	4.17	*10.43	5.62	*16.33	5.70	—	—	*51.65	20.41	*11.54	6.06	*10.93	5.48
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*1.15	1.15	—	—	*1.85	1.84	—	—	—	—	*2.34	2.33	—	—
Divorced
Asymptomatic risk drinker	10.54	1.87	10.45	2.46	10.64	2.80	—	—	16.39	4.41	7.35	1.91	*8.32	5.65
Low-risk drinker	23.69	3.13	19.14	4.03	28.78	4.95	—	—	23.95	5.76	24.13	4.07	*20.77	8.32
Abstainer	43.82	3.44	46.35	4.42	40.99	5.31	—	—	31.61	5.73	49.07	4.46	66.13	9.83
Partial remission	18.87	2.81	19.86	4.20	17.77	3.54	*100.00	0.00	26.08	5.46	15.31	3.23	*4.78	4.65
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.08	1.18	*4.20	1.80	*1.83	1.55	—	—	*1.98	1.15	*4.14	1.93	—	—
Separated
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.26	5.10	*12.36	6.07	*19.03	8.34	—	—	*24.96	8.90	*5.56	3.94	—	—
Low-risk drinker	*12.24	5.40	*11.22	6.42	*13.57	8.72	—	—	*10.51	7.04	*15.12	8.95	—	—
Abstainer	55.48	7.18	62.31	10.16	46.57	9.77	*100.00	0.00	35.43	9.30	74.52	9.93	*100.00	0.00
Partial remission	*11.33	4.43	*11.61	6.69	*10.96	5.55	—	—	*20.71	7.95	*1.69	1.71	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*5.70	3.33	*2.50	2.50	*9.86	6.81	—	—	*8.40	5.73	*3.11	3.11	—	—
Never married
Asymptomatic risk drinker	16.19	2.41	14.74	3.21	18.95	3.79	30.63	7.03	13.27	3.21	*12.16	4.62	*16.38	15.20
Low-risk drinker	24.82	3.97	22.05	4.90	30.08	5.95	*2.86	2.02	31.10	5.41	29.01	6.35	—	—
Abstainer	32.93	3.07	34.82	4.34	29.34	4.98	*21.66	7.48	30.29	4.00	43.73	6.32	*83.62	15.20
Partial remission	21.25	2.98	23.17	4.02	17.58	4.11	42.23	9.64	18.85	4.49	12.90	3.86	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	4.81	1.25	5.21	1.58	*4.06	2.10	*2.62	2.61	6.49	1.87	*2.20	1.65	—	—
Ever Had Children (Including Step, Adopted, Foster)
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.13	1.19	15.20	1.57	15.00	2.01	*18.57	7.50	18.84	1.87	12.67	1.93	*6.46	2.83
Low-risk drinker	26.95	1.50	24.28	1.88	32.01	2.25	*30.30	9.69	29.19	2.11	24.97	2.19	23.55	4.28
Abstainer	39.36	1.54	41.50	2.12	35.30	2.34	*22.75	7.76	28.80	2.11	47.72	2.38	59.79	5.20
Partial remission	15.34	1.07	15.91	1.37	14.24	1.73	20.36	6.31	19.65	1.69	11.38	1.43	9.76	2.89
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.23	0.46	3.11	0.55	3.45	0.86	*8.03	5.49	3.52	0.76	3.26	0.67	*0.44	0.44
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.42	1.99	12.24	2.31	22.01	3.78	26.20	6.30	15.35	2.85	10.03	2.62	*15.42	10.18
Low-risk drinker	28.83	2.86	27.16	3.45	32.30	4.58	*6.81	3.97	34.43	3.89	29.95	4.66	*9.82	6.92
Abstainer	25.78	2.23	27.51	3.13	22.18	3.72	*14.75	6.08	20.50	2.72	38.71	4.66	62.16	14.21
Partial remission	25.63	2.64	27.32	3.39	22.12	3.80	47.35	8.24	24.61	3.94	18.42	3.75	*12.60	9.85
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	4.34	1.06	5.76	1.52	*1.38	0.96	*4.89	3.24	5.11	1.52	*2.89	1.69	—	—
Children Ages Below 13 Living in Household
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	16.70	1.71	16.78	2.19	16.58	2.75	*13.39	6.14	18.13	2.06	11.96	3.59	—	—
Low-risk drinker	29.15	2.00	24.82	2.50	36.16	3.01	32.90	9.51	31.34	2.35	18.71	4.05	*16.98	16.35
Abstainer	31.97	2.19	34.22	2.91	28.31	3.16	*20.72	7.33	27.46	2.41	53.50	5.40	*83.02	16.35
Partial remission	18.40	1.71	20.75	2.33	14.60	2.42	25.68	8.15	19.23	1.91	13.22	4.08	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.78	0.78	3.43	0.97	4.35	1.41	*7.31	5.05	3.84	0.89	*2.60	1.48	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	14.33	1.13	13.35	1.60	16.44	2.13	30.23	6.61	17.67	2.20	12.33	1.76	7.49	2.80
Low-risk drinker	26.34	1.60	25.00	2.00	29.24	2.73	*3.58	2.26	29.54	2.75	27.14	2.27	22.48	4.04
Abstainer	38.82	1.77	40.41	2.40	35.41	2.62	*15.65	6.37	25.54	2.44	44.90	2.31	59.28	5.05
Partial remission	17.21	1.35	17.37	1.67	16.85	2.30	45.35	8.21	23.18	2.87	12.31	1.37	10.33	2.84
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.30	0.48	3.87	0.66	2.07	0.76	*5.19	3.42	4.07	1.04	3.32	0.66	*0.42	0.42
Education
11 years or less
Asymptomatic risk drinker	12.69	2.99	13.38	3.82	*10.89	3.84	*27.52	22.48	16.03	4.97	*9.98	4.57	*8.42	4.87
Low-risk drinker	21.44	3.45	21.39	4.18	21.57	6.47	*4.95	5.23	33.02	6.04	14.08	4.13	*12.61	5.97
Abstainer	49.25	4.06	46.73	5.03	55.81	6.99	*11.93	11.04	33.05	6.34	59.63	5.64	71.38	9.06
Partial remission	11.04	2.52	11.86	3.23	*8.89	3.46	*55.60	21.62	12.40	3.60	*8.09	3.58	*7.58	7.15
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	5.58	1.51	6.64	1.93	*2.84	1.68	—	—	*5.50	2.99	*8.22	2.04	—	—
12 years
Asymptomatic risk drinker	13.27	1.83	12.55	2.44	14.82	3.61	*15.98	9.88	16.14	2.96	12.02	3.19	*2.69	2.66
Low-risk drinker	23.51	2.37	20.84	2.85	29.19	4.16	*13.60	7.61	25.09	3.90	22.77	3.55	23.87	7.39
Abstainer	43.92	2.59	48.06	3.48	35.09	4.45	*22.44	9.44	34.20	3.71	53.50	4.44	64.92	8.70
Partial remission	14.85	1.89	14.37	2.24	15.87	3.58	*33.45	12.73	18.82	3.08	9.40	2.23	*7.28	3.88
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	4.45	0.98	4.18	1.13	*5.04	1.81	*14.52	8.02	5.76	1.57	*2.32	1.12	*1.23	1.23
13–15 years
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.29	1.60	12.52	1.87	19.91	3.04	24.54	6.20	18.29	2.83	10.43	2.17	*7.42	5.08
Low-risk drinker	27.78	1.98	25.91	2.69	30.91	3.15	*19.74	7.34	30.41	2.95	26.85	3.44	*20.38	7.02
Abstainer	35.48	2.19	39.10	3.01	29.45	3.29	*18.10	6.91	27.86	2.76	46.96	4.00	52.42	9.57
Partial remission	18.78	1.79	18.96	2.36	18.46	2.70	34.48	7.76	20.34	2.59	13.40	2.42	*19.78	7.26
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	2.68	0.62	3.52	1.00	*1.28	0.75	*3.15	3.01	3.10	1.02	*2.36	1.06	—	—
16 or more years
Asymptomatic risk drinker	18.21	2.06	19.78	2.79	15.24	2.80	*38.62	15.94	19.75	2.95	16.19	3.00	*12.30	6.60
Low-risk drinker	33.51	2.64	29.95	3.15	40.23	4.11	*2.30	2.37	34.89	3.50	33.22	4.07	30.94	8.35
Abstainer	23.71	2.33	22.41	2.90	26.15	3.83	*2.85	2.92	16.21	2.66	30.89	4.04	49.09	8.73
Partial remission	22.00	2.25	25.79	3.19	14.84	2.73	*56.23	16.16	26.38	3.35	16.77	3.01	*7.66	4.05
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	2.57	0.79	*2.06	0.83	*3.54	1.68	—	—	*2.76	1.15	*2.92	1.40	—	—
Currently Employed Full Time
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	17.51	1.26	17.78	1.64	16.72	2.40	22.83	6.86	19.62	1.89	14.06	2.11	—	—
Low-risk drinker	27.72	1.53	24.82	1.85	35.96	3.06	19.09	6.45	29.05	2.18	27.26	2.65	*1.94	1.98
Abstainer	32.16	1.66	33.75	2.08	27.65	2.72	*9.98	3.97	25.74	1.91	43.46	2.82	78.70	12.53
Partial remission	18.94	1.27	20.31	1.60	15.04	2.27	43.23	7.59	21.69	1.91	11.96	1.66	*19.36	12.30
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.67	0.57	3.33	0.66	4.63	1.32	*4.87	3.39	3.90	0.82	3.26	0.86	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	11.18	1.59	6.46	1.70	16.28	2.56	*24.25	7.64	13.55	2.92	8.98	2.40	7.67	2.88
Low-risk drinker	26.76	2.11	25.23	2.98	28.41	2.72	*9.67	5.75	34.47	3.88	22.93	2.92	23.46	4.19
Abstainer	43.53	2.33	49.51	3.73	37.07	2.79	*30.40	9.98	28.93	3.25	51.61	3.46	58.95	5.29
Partial remission	15.40	1.78	14.13	2.54	16.76	2.41	*27.68	9.85	19.00	3.36	13.39	2.32	9.49	2.87
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.13	0.69	4.67	1.19	*1.47	0.64	*8.00	5.40	4.04	1.20	*3.10	1.18	*0.43	0.43
Family Annual Income
$0 to $19,999
Asymptomatic risk drinker	11.95	1.93	11.00	2.94	13.15	3.07	*27.62	9.31	17.76	3.76	*4.69	1.78	*8.31	4.13
Low-risk drinker	19.36	2.38	16.76	3.17	22.67	3.69	*20.60	9.22	20.53	4.20	21.13	3.78	*10.21	4.77
Abstainer	51.12	3.23	51.73	4.88	50.35	4.60	*12.87	6.19	37.25	5.14	63.07	4.39	76.34	6.27
Partial remission	13.89	2.40	15.13	3.78	12.33	2.77	38.92	10.64	19.05	5.20	7.46	2.08	*3.73	2.21
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.68	1.16	*5.39	1.91	*1.50	0.97	—	—	*5.41	2.55	*3.65	1.60	*1.42	1.42
$20,000 to $34,999
Asymptomatic risk drinker	13.37	2.19	11.35	2.64	17.25	3.91	*25.25	10.01	14.28	3.00	13.52	4.01	*0.25	0.25
Low-risk drinker	26.86	2.91	23.67	3.28	32.98	4.92	*21.19	8.82	30.33	4.55	23.72	4.40	25.98	7.83
Abstainer	40.70	2.98	47.12	3.85	28.39	4.75	*9.61	4.84	33.16	4.55	51.01	5.20	65.65	8.32
Partial remission	15.66	2.09	13.61	2.35	19.59	4.01	*34.42	9.11	17.87	3.41	10.16	2.66	*8.12	4.12
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.40	1.02	4.24	1.44	*1.79	1.28	*9.53	6.24	4.36	1.56	*1.58	1.57	—	—
$35,000 to $69,999
Asymptomatic risk drinker	12.73	1.43	13.08	1.81	11.95	2.41	*17.45	9.48	15.51	2.31	9.17	2.19	*9.48	5.26
Low-risk drinker	28.27	2.15	26.04	2.65	33.36	4.00	*1.66	1.24	33.46	3.03	22.77	3.25	31.81	7.74
Abstainer	35.59	2.27	37.12	3.23	32.10	3.66	*31.16	14.22	25.36	2.73	47.20	3.93	50.19	8.34
Partial remission	19.73	2.05	20.31	2.58	18.40	3.21	*38.69	13.34	22.08	3.07	17.00	2.86	*8.51	4.76
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.68	0.72	3.45	0.83	*4.20	1.51	*11.04	7.55	3.58	1.07	3.86	1.03	—	—
$70,000 or more
Asymptomatic risk drinker	21.73	2.30	20.48	2.82	24.29	4.16	*17.62	15.73	23.12	3.44	20.60	3.66	*14.58	12.92
Low-risk drinker	31.40	2.59	28.44	3.10	37.50	4.11	*12.24	11.64	31.12	3.74	33.95	4.08	*19.18	10.00
Abstainer	25.17	2.32	26.96	2.81	21.48	3.70	*30.17	18.23	20.09	2.72	31.35	4.29	*35.94	12.24
Partial remission	18.57	2.13	21.24	2.83	13.07	3.16	*39.98	18.64	22.14	3.03	11.08	2.51	*30.30	13.18
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.14	0.83	2.88	0.94	*3.67	1.60	—	—	3.53	1.17	*3.03	1.23	—	—
Born in the United States
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.62	1.02	15.09	1.35	16.59	1.78	25.44	5.28	18.50	1.63	12.38	1.74	*7.62	2.88
Low-risk drinker	27.46	1.34	24.86	1.70	32.25	2.09	16.89	5.14	30.36	1.91	25.74	2.09	23.65	4.09
Abstainer	36.15	1.34	38.16	1.88	32.43	2.10	17.87	5.09	26.40	1.68	46.39	2.17	58.14	4.96
Partial remission	17.41	1.01	18.20	1.35	15.97	1.71	33.21	6.09	20.95	1.66	12.46	1.33	10.16	2.86
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.36	0.41	3.69	0.56	2.76	0.72	*6.59	3.12	3.80	0.69	3.03	0.61	*0.43	0.43
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	*6.15	2.30	*5.43	2.43	*11.15	7.57	—	—	*6.59	3.32	*9.00	6.06	*1.22	1.22
Low-risk drinker	25.52	4.85	26.14	5.30	*21.20	12.17	—	—	34.63	7.30	25.43	8.56	—	—
Abstainer	39.85	6.16	40.34	6.80	*36.48	13.44	*15.93	13.06	31.22	7.26	44.75	13.15	*91.21	8.80
Partial remission	22.58	5.91	23.89	6.78	*13.52	7.91	*84.07	13.06	*20.83	7.32	*12.55	10.12	*7.56	7.58
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*5.90	2.49	*4.21	2.24	*17.65	11.47	—	—	*6.74	4.07	*8.27	4.95	—	—
Family Structure Before Age 18
Both biological/adoptive parents in the household
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.53	2.11	14.70	2.89	16.80	3.15	24.03	7.55	15.47	2.91	14.85	4.64	—	—
Low-risk drinker	25.30	2.52	21.46	3.21	31.24	4.15	*13.71	6.01	29.14	3.48	22.68	4.82	*7.12	6.86
Abstainer	33.74	2.82	33.99	3.77	33.35	4.33	*19.06	7.22	28.07	3.41	44.21	5.67	92.88	6.86
Partial remission	20.62	2.27	23.61	3.25	16.00	3.32	35.62	9.32	23.37	3.18	11.73	3.93	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	4.81	1.25	6.23	1.83	*2.61	1.44	*7.58	5.21	*3.96	1.47	*6.54	2.82	—	—
Only biological mother ever in the household (father never present)
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.31	1.20	14.96	1.59	16.07	2.13	*25.68	8.26	18.60	2.11	12.33	1.94	8.78	3.25
Low-risk drinker	28.70	1.63	26.28	2.00	33.90	2.72	*12.36	5.99	31.80	2.42	27.51	2.40	24.07	4.25
Abstainer	35.94	1.68	38.01	2.28	31.48	2.60	*21.68	8.10	25.12	2.08	44.56	2.69	56.14	5.34
Partial remission	16.99	1.28	17.59	1.61	15.69	2.01	36.52	9.31	20.66	2.09	12.86	1.55	10.52	3.16
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.05	0.50	3.15	0.58	2.85	0.92	*3.76	3.69	3.81	0.85	2.74	0.66	*0.49	0.49
Biological/adoptive parents divorced or no longer living together
Asymptomatic risk drinker	14.21	3.70	10.70	3.61	19.27	7.75	*14.71	11.82	20.56	6.14	*7.72	3.81	—	—
Low-risk drinker	21.28	3.93	21.52	5.11	20.92	5.41	*34.89	18.75	27.42	7.08	13.46	4.08	—	—
Abstainer	43.13	4.63	48.73	6.20	35.05	6.35	—	—	29.39	6.50	65.32	6.81	*71.69	14.04
Partial remission	17.20	3.03	15.74	3.97	19.32	5.33	*40.01	17.78	17.35	4.38	*11.38	4.21	*28.31	14.04
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*4.18	1.74	*3.31	1.87	*5.45	2.97	*10.39	10.02	*5.28	2.79	*2.12	1.28	—	—
Raised by relatives, by foster parents, or in an institution
Asymptomatic risk drinker	*9.02	4.63	*7.10	5.51	*12.03	8.59	—	—	*17.46	10.99	*8.41	6.34	—	—
Low-risk drinker	*26.69	10.35	*19.60	12.46	*37.84	17.16	—	—	*5.75	4.41	*32.82	17.17	*51.28	27.09
Abstainer	57.97	11.02	*64.16	14.17	*48.23	17.72	—	—	*76.79	11.77	*54.68	17.53	*48.72	27.09
Partial remission	*6.32	4.77	*9.13	7.62	*1.90	1.98	*100.00	0.00	—	—	*4.10	3.14	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Before Age 18, Family Received Government Assistance
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	18.71	2.88	15.35	3.23	24.17	4.91	*39.70	10.74	19.76	4.19	13.75	4.77	—	—
Low-risk drinker	22.49	2.74	20.71	3.57	25.39	4.05	*15.26	7.90	25.91	4.03	19.23	4.43	*9.26	8.13
Abstainer	36.73	3.37	40.78	4.51	30.13	4.79	*20.60	8.87	28.90	4.45	51.77	6.30	76.73	12.07
Partial remission	16.42	2.33	16.91	3.13	15.64	3.03	*19.63	7.68	20.21	3.54	*7.39	2.67	*14.01	10.06
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	5.64	1.30	6.24	1.83	*4.67	1.95	*4.80	4.70	5.22	1.63	*7.87	3.15	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	14.51	1.08	14.37	1.43	14.78	1.76	17.45	5.29	17.48	1.70	12.07	1.82	8.06	3.01
Low-risk drinker	28.32	1.42	25.71	1.80	33.56	2.38	15.61	5.59	31.72	1.98	26.59	2.16	23.75	4.27
Abstainer	36.23	1.46	37.83	1.99	33.03	2.35	16.67	5.85	26.06	1.85	45.62	2.40	58.16	5.21
Partial remission	17.88	1.08	18.82	1.39	15.99	1.94	43.75	7.29	21.13	1.76	13.13	1.45	9.58	2.82
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.05	0.43	3.26	0.56	2.63	0.76	*6.51	3.64	3.62	0.76	2.59	0.59	*0.45	0.45
Before Age 18, Ever in Jail or Juvenile Detention Center
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	17.58	3.43	18.15	4.13	*15.85	5.20	*35.18	13.00	18.85	5.37	*12.92	4.86	*5.05	4.57
Low-risk drinker	12.82	2.84	13.86	3.42	*9.68	4.24	*11.02	10.20	13.51	4.13	11.83	4.31	*15.45	10.22
Abstainer	49.88	4.85	47.46	5.79	57.18	7.39	*21.32	10.81	51.21	7.03	58.14	7.20	*43.02	15.58
Partial remission	11.39	2.66	11.54	3.19	*10.94	4.72	*24.48	11.12	*7.64	2.76	*7.63	3.30	*36.48	17.75
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	8.33	2.33	8.99	2.85	*6.35	4.38	*8.01	7.67	*8.79	3.23	*9.48	4.41	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	14.94	1.10	14.08	1.40	16.55	1.87	20.18	5.31	17.84	1.71	12.20	1.76	*7.46	2.97
Low-risk drinker	28.92	1.32	26.31	1.69	33.77	2.13	16.73	5.27	32.34	1.88	27.05	2.17	22.94	4.18
Abstainer	34.87	1.43	37.16	2.02	30.63	2.09	16.75	5.58	24.06	1.66	45.22	2.27	61.54	5.28
Partial remission	18.31	1.09	19.39	1.43	16.30	1.74	40.81	7.07	22.34	1.78	12.92	1.42	7.62	2.33
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	2.96	0.42	3.07	0.51	2.75	0.73	*5.53	3.01	3.43	0.68	2.61	0.57	*0.44	0.44
Before Age 18, Physically Abused by Parent/Caretaker
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	13.42	4.54	*9.20	5.07	18.25	7.47	*32.97	21.41	*17.13	7.06	*4.37	2.26	—	—
Low-risk drinker	17.74	3.61	9.43	3.65	27.21	6.09	—	—	19.00	5.00	19.71	6.27	*4.27	4.61
Abstainer	51.35	6.19	56.13	8.75	45.89	7.54	*52.51	24.48	44.88	7.57	59.20	8.08	*95.73	4.61
Partial remission	10.26	2.75	*13.23	4.72	*6.87	2.82	—	—	13.12	4.15	*7.73	3.83	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	7.23	2.59	*12.01	4.57	*1.79	1.78	*14.52	14.22	*5.88	2.90	*8.99	4.77	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.33	1.01	14.85	1.36	16.30	1.82	22.45	5.42	18.01	1.57	12.79	1.77	7.44	2.79
Low-risk drinker	28.12	1.37	25.90	1.72	32.60	2.21	17.01	5.10	31.64	1.95	26.13	2.13	22.76	4.12
Abstainer	35.15	1.37	37.19	1.89	31.03	2.19	14.36	4.36	24.92	1.64	45.48	2.22	59.12	5.17
Partial remission	18.22	1.03	18.86	1.35	16.92	1.86	40.94	6.14	21.68	1.65	12.78	1.39	10.26	2.83
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.18	0.40	3.21	0.50	3.14	0.79	*5.24	2.86	3.75	0.69	2.82	0.59	*0.41	0.41
Before Age 18, Seriously Neglected by Parent/Caretaker
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	10.74	4.15	*5.70	3.06	*16.02	7.51	*30.54	17.62	*14.50	7.41	*4.24	2.26	—	—
Low-risk drinker	24.43	4.54	22.02	6.02	26.95	6.80	—	—	22.65	6.18	32.15	7.91	*17.55	15.49
Abstainer	50.87	5.16	56.24	7.31	45.25	7.10	*8.79	8.61	48.09	7.62	56.16	8.38	*82.45	15.49
Partial remission	10.62	2.95	*11.99	4.78	*9.19	3.35	*47.21	18.30	*12.51	4.83	*3.77	2.83	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*3.34	1.74	*4.05	2.87	*2.59	1.93	*13.46	12.52	*2.25	2.23	*3.67	2.72	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.54	1.03	15.04	1.35	16.55	1.82	22.62	5.10	18.20	1.60	12.87	1.78	7.71	2.88
Low-risk drinker	27.59	1.34	25.11	1.67	32.65	2.22	17.15	5.20	31.17	1.89	25.24	2.11	22.61	4.15
Abstainer	35.20	1.37	37.24	1.91	31.05	2.16	18.65	5.17	24.97	1.66	45.59	2.25	58.63	5.23
Partial remission	18.18	1.07	18.91	1.35	16.69	1.82	36.30	6.13	21.59	1.69	13.12	1.42	10.63	2.91
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.49	0.42	3.70	0.54	3.05	0.79	*5.28	2.89	4.07	0.70	3.17	0.64	*0.43	0.43
Before Age 18, Saw Serious Fights at Home
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	11.97	2.60	9.15	3.11	15.44	3.77	*22.27	12.82	18.54	4.43	*2.82	1.11	—	—
Low-risk drinker	23.84	2.80	16.16	3.45	33.33	4.39	—	—	23.91	3.70	27.31	4.71	*14.13	8.11
Abstainer	42.27	3.56	50.44	5.00	32.18	3.99	*29.89	14.04	33.07	4.55	53.37	5.20	71.23	11.74
Partial remission	15.93	2.34	16.92	3.18	14.70	3.30	*27.12	13.42	16.52	3.23	14.11	3.39	*14.64	9.94
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	5.99	1.53	7.32	2.34	*4.35	1.85	*20.72	13.00	7.96	2.43	*2.39	1.39	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.92	1.05	15.49	1.44	16.83	1.96	23.56	5.37	17.78	1.67	14.34	1.95	8.11	3.04
Low-risk drinker	28.15	1.48	26.52	1.85	31.68	2.39	18.12	5.47	32.22	2.18	25.38	2.16	23.26	4.36
Abstainer	34.99	1.47	36.10	2.04	32.60	2.40	15.67	5.03	25.02	1.84	44.79	2.45	58.70	5.40
Partial remission	18.02	1.10	18.82	1.43	16.31	1.89	39.05	6.76	22.05	1.81	12.10	1.49	9.48	2.85
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	2.92	0.40	3.07	0.50	2.58	0.78	*3.59	2.48	2.93	0.61	3.38	0.73	*0.45	0.45
Before Age 18, Parent/Other Adult in Home Was Alcoholic
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	14.60	1.75	13.27	2.21	16.59	2.66	*18.97	7.06	18.80	2.71	10.30	2.35	*1.84	1.84
Low-risk drinker	25.04	2.09	20.98	2.90	31.11	2.99	*22.03	9.06	24.39	2.50	26.53	3.47	*23.29	7.92
Abstainer	41.02	2.37	44.83	3.31	35.33	3.43	*19.53	7.89	32.67	2.85	51.15	3.95	66.43	8.74
Partial remission	15.07	1.50	15.93	2.01	13.78	2.26	*26.56	8.97	19.88	2.51	8.19	1.75	*8.44	6.38
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	4.27	0.87	4.99	1.26	3.19	1.15	*12.90	6.49	4.26	1.24	3.83	1.27	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.54	1.25	15.15	1.68	16.43	2.31	25.92	6.32	17.40	1.94	13.44	2.10	*9.10	3.55
Low-risk drinker	28.72	1.66	26.92	2.07	32.80	2.60	*11.75	5.00	34.33	2.48	25.25	2.39	21.99	4.53
Abstainer	33.59	1.61	35.02	2.23	30.36	2.65	16.67	6.04	22.94	1.91	43.46	2.75	57.83	5.91
Partial remission	19.13	1.33	19.83	1.66	17.55	2.45	43.58	7.86	21.59	2.13	15.02	1.82	10.55	3.07
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.02	0.48	3.09	0.56	2.86	0.98	*2.09	2.08	3.74	0.84	2.83	0.70	*0.54	0.54
Ever Had No Regular Place to Live Lasting 1+ Months
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	14.10	3.39	12.86	3.77	*16.64	6.98	*28.18	14.36	15.20	4.65	*10.94	4.73	*8.79	8.59
Low-risk drinker	15.13	2.95	15.86	4.23	13.63	4.51	*6.60	6.96	19.92	5.19	*11.38	3.93	*24.71	15.62
Abstainer	49.06	4.15	48.20	5.77	50.82	7.65	*23.09	11.83	45.12	7.02	56.71	6.14	*58.62	17.43
Partial remission	13.17	2.80	13.40	3.74	12.70	4.48	*34.62	13.38	10.36	3.43	12.27	4.41	*7.89	7.78
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	8.54	2.32	9.68	3.00	*6.21	3.57	*7.50	7.20	*9.39	3.94	*8.70	3.70	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.31	1.04	14.70	1.32	16.48	1.78	22.38	5.17	18.17	1.68	12.44	1.80	*7.19	2.87
Low-risk drinker	28.66	1.38	25.91	1.71	33.94	2.22	17.35	5.47	31.50	1.91	27.59	2.29	22.20	4.00
Abstainer	34.97	1.48	37.22	2.00	30.64	2.19	16.61	5.22	25.00	1.68	44.99	2.44	60.07	5.26
Partial remission	18.11	1.09	19.08	1.44	16.25	1.78	37.89	6.57	21.88	1.73	12.49	1.44	10.12	2.87
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	2.94	0.41	3.08	0.51	2.68	0.74	*5.76	3.14	3.45	0.66	2.49	0.56	*0.42	0.42
Self-Perceived Current Health
Excellent/Very good
Asymptomatic risk drinker	18.34	1.44	17.45	1.82	20.12	2.51	25.86	6.24	19.75	2.11	15.68	2.63	*8.58	6.10
Low-risk drinker	29.54	1.85	26.93	2.30	34.71	2.82	16.98	5.85	30.70	2.43	30.45	3.24	25.86	6.60
Abstainer	27.30	1.66	28.80	2.11	24.32	2.73	*12.88	4.59	22.10	2.02	36.66	3.16	49.35	8.18
Partial remission	21.68	1.51	23.53	2.09	18.00	2.52	39.61	7.10	24.02	2.28	14.46	2.04	*16.20	5.42
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.14	0.55	3.28	0.74	2.85	0.96	*4.67	3.16	3.44	0.76	*2.75	1.03	—	—
Good
Asymptomatic risk drinker	12.22	1.95	12.59	2.70	11.60	2.71	*15.82	10.55	14.40	3.00	12.10	2.96	*3.71	2.74
Low-risk drinker	28.62	2.47	26.34	3.08	32.45	4.06	*15.28	8.89	34.06	4.13	24.74	3.58	27.18	7.84
Abstainer	43.39	2.65	46.20	3.71	38.69	4.05	*36.04	15.95	33.77	3.91	47.97	4.39	63.24	8.38
Partial remission	12.34	1.84	11.70	2.62	13.41	2.38	*17.84	10.30	14.49	2.94	11.56	2.72	*5.88	4.58
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.43	0.89	3.18	1.03	*3.86	1.65	*15.02	9.99	*3.28	1.33	*3.63	1.33	—	—
Fair/Poor
Asymptomatic risk drinker	9.82	1.89	8.44	2.22	12.84	3.51	*19.96	17.87	14.55	3.98	6.18	1.90	*10.09	4.89
Low-risk drinker	19.07	2.29	17.44	2.72	22.66	4.12	*4.19	4.43	23.67	4.35	18.25	3.04	*12.65	5.39
Abstainer	54.17	3.00	56.51	3.84	49.02	5.37	*25.80	21.35	38.09	5.13	62.48	3.78	67.72	7.39
Partial remission	12.35	1.82	11.89	2.44	13.37	2.77	*50.05	22.42	16.00	3.42	9.56	2.15	*8.22	4.47
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	4.59	1.24	5.72	1.70	*2.10	1.07	—	—	*7.70	2.92	*3.54	1.30	*1.32	1.32
Currently Covered by Health Insurance
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.66	1.14	14.92	1.42	17.12	1.93	25.57	6.06	18.76	1.85	12.80	1.81	7.26	2.73
Low-risk drinker	28.11	1.43	25.25	1.75	33.78	2.26	*14.52	5.46	31.08	1.96	27.21	2.26	22.32	4.02
Abstainer	35.30	1.44	38.04	1.98	29.85	2.08	*15.77	5.68	24.97	1.69	44.22	2.21	60.00	5.06
Partial remission	17.72	1.07	18.69	1.42	15.80	1.76	38.15	7.51	21.34	1.74	12.94	1.48	10.02	2.77
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.22	0.45	3.10	0.53	3.45	0.87	*5.99	3.43	3.85	0.76	2.83	0.63	*0.40	0.40
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	12.54	2.24	12.10	3.36	13.28	4.55	*17.75	8.13	13.94	3.22	*8.76	3.97	—	—
Low-risk drinker	23.10	3.26	23.03	4.38	23.22	4.58	*18.07	9.08	28.04	4.69	15.98	4.19	—	—
Abstainer	42.19	3.37	39.79	4.11	46.21	6.06	*22.70	8.89	34.66	4.40	60.30	6.07	—	—
Partial remission	17.21	2.56	17.57	3.39	16.60	4.53	*35.26	11.64	19.00	3.60	*9.30	3.54	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	4.96	1.40	7.51	2.13	*0.69	0.69	*6.23	5.82	*4.35	1.73	*5.66	2.30	—	—
Tobacco Use Status
Current user
Asymptomatic risk drinker	14.74	1.41	14.80	1.86	14.61	2.32	28.34	7.89	17.79	2.32	10.78	2.12	*1.67	1.66
Low-risk drinker	22.89	1.84	19.67	2.24	29.64	3.03	*12.89	5.91	27.43	3.06	19.17	2.49	*22.33	7.52
Abstainer	38.82	2.00	41.18	2.56	33.88	3.14	*12.55	4.88	25.88	2.75	53.85	3.11	70.00	8.02
Partial remission	18.38	1.44	18.48	1.85	18.17	2.79	40.10	7.77	22.75	2.50	11.74	1.87	*6.00	3.92
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	5.17	0.70	5.87	0.95	3.70	1.16	*6.12	4.02	6.15	1.25	4.47	1.00	—	—
Ex-user
Asymptomatic risk drinker	12.43	1.61	10.42	2.01	16.79	2.94	*2.21	2.27	16.09	3.05	11.93	2.45	*7.80	3.20
Low-risk drinker	29.48	2.53	29.65	3.13	29.11	3.48	*24.06	11.54	31.44	3.90	31.73	3.55	20.70	4.70
Abstainer	43.56	2.71	46.58	3.55	37.03	4.13	*36.95	16.05	38.10	4.42	42.51	3.74	58.75	6.20
Partial remission	13.00	1.84	12.30	2.04	14.52	3.10	*29.57	13.81	13.84	3.14	11.24	2.36	12.75	4.02
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*1.53	0.58	*1.05	0.48	*2.56	1.38	*7.21	7.05	*0.52	0.41	*2.59	1.22	—	—
Lifetime nonsmoker
Asymptomatic risk drinker	19.24	2.29	19.36	2.94	19.05	3.75	*27.67	10.42	19.26	3.08	18.03	4.46	*15.86	13.86
Low-risk drinker	33.21	2.56	29.73	3.33	38.41	3.86	*15.19	9.35	34.07	3.31	34.89	5.46	*30.33	12.28
Abstainer	23.31	2.35	21.31	3.08	26.31	3.96	*15.27	8.77	20.52	2.69	29.23	5.22	46.13	14.08
Partial remission	21.65	2.29	26.85	3.38	13.86	2.55	*36.80	12.39	22.99	2.97	17.58	3.90	*4.47	3.63
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	2.60	0.86	*2.75	1.18	*2.37	1.10	*5.07	4.97	3.17	1.15	*0.27	0.27	*3.22	3.24
Drug Use Status
Current user
Asymptomatic risk drinker	24.62	4.12	26.00	6.16	22.34	5.22	*51.02	15.47	22.59	6.13	19.97	6.26	*30.18	23.48
Low-risk drinker	14.56	2.83	11.66	3.45	19.32	5.32	*6.54	5.53	13.67	3.70	17.61	5.92	*25.18	21.14
Abstainer	31.08	4.71	38.15	6.81	19.46	5.59	*6.11	6.03	29.35	5.96	41.69	8.61	*29.86	17.79
Partial remission	22.38	3.81	13.55	3.67	36.88	7.57	*36.32	14.87	25.96	5.27	*12.46	4.73	*14.79	14.13
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	7.37	2.47	*10.64	3.78	*2.00	1.98	—	—	*8.42	3.57	*8.28	4.17	—	—
Ex-user
Asymptomatic risk drinker	14.46	1.53	14.18	1.98	14.99	2.31	*11.76	6.23	16.18	2.05	12.70	2.40	*4.08	3.63
Low-risk drinker	30.80	1.80	27.26	2.31	37.45	2.80	*18.97	7.00	33.83	2.43	28.26	2.84	*18.97	9.77
Abstainer	34.64	1.91	37.14	2.52	29.94	2.96	23.01	8.13	28.23	2.39	44.62	3.09	66.94	12.92
Partial remission	16.49	1.48	17.54	1.97	14.50	2.22	34.38	9.08	17.87	2.17	12.17	2.10	*10.02	5.72
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.62	0.62	3.88	0.85	3.12	1.04	*11.89	5.51	3.89	0.91	2.25	0.82	—	—
Lifetime nondrug user
Asymptomatic risk drinker	14.10	1.68	12.73	1.82	16.93	2.87	*26.96	9.12	19.46	3.27	10.64	2.27	*6.96	3.02
Low-risk drinker	26.10	1.88	24.90	2.33	28.58	2.94	*14.87	8.37	30.11	3.34	24.52	2.93	22.74	4.19
Abstainer	39.30	2.13	39.58	2.89	38.71	3.38	*15.53	7.78	23.18	2.55	48.74	3.35	59.97	5.28
Partial remission	17.99	1.60	20.56	2.12	12.66	2.09	42.64	10.75	24.57	2.87	12.76	2.12	9.85	3.19
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	2.52	0.51	2.23	0.54	3.11	1.08	—	—	2.69	0.92	3.35	0.86	*0.48	0.48
Any Major Depressive Disorder in the Past Year
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	9.12	2.19	*7.59	2.89	10.29	3.34	*11.53	9.09	14.50	4.30	*4.26	2.30	—	—
Low-risk drinker	30.72	4.18	24.10	6.21	35.81	5.46	*32.74	19.06	30.66	5.95	31.22	7.27	*25.28	15.01
Abstainer	39.26	4.84	48.06	8.02	32.50	5.57	*2.37	2.49	25.37	5.33	54.47	8.08	*74.72	15.01
Partial remission	15.83	3.41	*12.63	4.74	18.30	4.41	*53.35	19.24	21.05	5.30	*7.16	3.32	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*5.07	1.91	*7.63	3.58	*3.11	1.98	—	—	*8.42	3.55	*2.87	2.16	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.72	1.07	14.91	1.37	17.44	1.93	24.69	5.31	18.20	1.68	13.06	1.83	7.69	2.87
Low-risk drinker	27.08	1.37	24.99	1.68	31.50	2.25	13.60	4.60	30.55	1.94	25.19	2.11	22.14	4.15
Abstainer	36.06	1.40	37.75	1.88	32.50	2.13	19.43	5.36	26.73	1.70	45.53	2.23	59.13	5.28
Partial remission	17.80	1.07	18.86	1.34	15.57	1.85	35.55	6.44	20.93	1.72	12.99	1.43	10.61	2.94
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.34	0.42	3.50	0.53	2.99	0.79	*6.73	3.18	3.58	0.68	3.24	0.65	*0.43	0.43
Any Major Depressive Disorder in Life
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	14.84	1.90	13.53	3.02	15.93	2.58	*21.06	8.82	18.17	3.45	10.49	2.51	*17.39	9.25
Low-risk drinker	31.11	2.74	26.88	3.97	34.63	3.69	*28.21	12.81	33.15	4.07	29.63	4.01	*28.16	10.00
Abstainer	35.35	2.81	42.26	4.48	29.59	3.46	*20.41	11.21	25.54	3.43	45.02	4.32	54.44	11.42
Partial remission	14.75	1.68	13.25	2.46	15.99	2.21	*24.73	11.94	19.14	2.85	10.72	2.08	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.96	0.95	*4.08	1.49	3.85	1.32	*5.59	5.58	*4.01	1.48	*4.15	1.53	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.31	1.27	14.72	1.51	16.84	2.29	24.09	5.94	17.87	1.90	12.95	2.04	*5.67	2.36
Low-risk drinker	26.23	1.51	24.57	1.82	30.53	2.56	*11.58	4.72	29.84	2.06	24.23	2.37	21.39	4.28
Abstainer	36.61	1.57	37.52	1.99	34.25	2.71	16.88	5.12	26.93	1.97	46.84	2.60	60.88	5.45
Partial remission	18.53	1.23	19.55	1.49	15.89	2.19	41.25	6.88	21.44	1.96	13.14	1.62	11.59	3.17
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.33	0.47	3.65	0.59	2.50	0.85	*6.20	3.35	3.92	0.77	2.84	0.69	*0.47	0.47
Age Started Drinking
14 years or younger
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.29	2.31	14.73	3.00	16.47	3.69	*34.11	11.88	16.95	3.38	8.99	3.40	*15.42	9.90
Low-risk drinker	21.01	2.58	17.62	3.05	28.02	4.83	*17.26	9.78	25.60	3.96	16.32	3.96	*1.12	1.16
Abstainer	46.47	3.44	48.93	4.40	41.38	5.23	*7.76	5.37	39.97	4.49	60.73	5.50	79.06	10.30
Partial remission	12.05	2.14	12.43	2.90	11.27	3.15	*28.59	10.42	13.39	3.11	8.16	2.86	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	5.18	1.41	6.29	1.88	*2.86	1.68	*12.27	8.11	*4.09	1.66	*5.79	2.34	*4.40	4.41
15 to 17 years
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.02	1.54	14.97	1.92	15.13	2.35	*21.83	6.84	16.96	2.34	12.66	3.05	*5.48	3.37
Low-risk drinker	26.81	1.95	23.90	2.29	33.51	3.36	*14.85	6.32	30.12	2.75	23.41	3.09	26.92	6.81
Abstainer	35.34	1.99	38.05	2.46	29.09	3.31	20.02	6.75	25.78	2.69	50.71	3.81	51.69	7.44
Partial remission	19.49	1.69	19.70	2.03	19.01	3.21	40.75	7.65	22.72	2.47	10.77	2.30	*15.91	5.74
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.34	0.70	3.37	0.86	*3.26	1.25	*2.55	2.53	4.42	1.13	*2.44	1.05	—	—
18 to 20 years
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.27	1.80	13.36	2.21	18.81	3.40	*17.41	9.09	18.34	3.11	13.40	2.58	*8.44	4.61
Low-risk drinker	30.67	2.55	29.47	3.26	32.90	3.99	*15.86	10.38	35.72	4.24	28.42	3.42	22.29	6.64
Abstainer	32.66	2.53	33.28	3.24	31.51	4.09	*25.17	14.32	19.89	3.46	39.90	3.54	63.39	8.93
Partial remission	18.59	1.89	20.78	2.45	14.52	2.79	*33.46	12.79	23.04	3.17	15.52	2.59	*5.88	3.71
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	2.81	0.73	3.11	0.94	*2.25	1.07	*8.11	7.77	3.01	1.10	*2.77	1.13	—	—
21 years or older
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.79	3.04	16.35	4.98	15.19	4.86	—	—	24.96	7.14	12.44	4.51	*5.10	4.94
Low-risk drinker	31.44	3.76	30.90	5.69	32.03	5.19	*18.71	21.51	29.14	6.60	35.31	5.80	*24.19	8.17
Abstainer	32.80	3.59	33.94	5.69	31.56	4.50	—	—	19.21	5.74	35.00	4.77	59.95	10.15
Partial remission	16.95	2.67	16.80	4.22	17.10	3.56	*81.29	21.51	22.62	5.81	14.08	3.21	*10.76	5.39
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*3.02	1.22	*2.01	1.17	*4.11	2.21	—	—	*4.06	2.19	*3.17	1.94	—	—
Family History of Alcoholism
None
Asymptomatic risk drinker	19.53	2.35	17.96	3.10	23.19	4.59	*26.89	9.25	19.73	4.00	21.90	4.69	*8.15	4.47
Low-risk drinker	28.72	2.87	26.35	3.59	34.22	4.82	*10.17	6.79	34.27	4.58	25.08	4.13	22.34	6.56
Abstainer	26.83	2.61	28.47	3.38	23.02	4.09	*17.73	8.85	20.76	3.42	32.09	4.49	46.42	8.70
Partial remission	21.78	2.62	24.02	3.24	16.58	3.44	45.22	10.99	21.06	3.78	17.81	3.61	*23.10	7.38
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.14	0.93	3.21	1.09	*3.00	1.77	—	—	4.18	1.43	*3.12	1.84	—	—
2nd-degree relatives only
Asymptomatic risk drinker	17.27	2.47	18.24	3.02	14.63	3.53	*25.16	11.89	21.79	3.42	9.76	3.22	*13.34	8.61
Low-risk drinker	31.25	2.84	27.38	3.28	41.93	5.52	*16.43	9.78	32.93	3.53	31.62	4.83	*23.14	10.30
Abstainer	27.93	2.92	31.27	3.46	18.73	4.13	*7.54	6.00	18.84	3.24	40.29	5.20	56.67	11.78
Partial remission	19.47	2.39	18.95	2.82	20.90	4.65	*43.48	13.70	23.13	3.43	13.25	3.62	*3.99	3.17
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	4.07	1.06	4.17	1.25	*3.81	1.96	*7.39	7.11	*3.31	1.31	*5.09	2.11	*2.86	2.85
1st-degree relatives only
Asymptomatic risk drinker	15.20	3.06	11.26	2.89	23.12	6.83	—	—	21.26	5.89	13.21	3.81	*7.00	5.16
Low-risk drinker	28.97	3.50	31.57	4.42	23.73	5.28	—	—	26.84	6.03	32.17	5.09	*26.89	9.28
Abstainer	37.73	3.59	37.28	4.54	38.65	6.44	—	—	24.21	5.06	43.55	4.84	60.42	10.32
Partial remission	15.41	2.94	16.17	3.62	13.87	4.69	*100.00	0.00	25.44	6.58	7.24	2.28	*5.69	4.25
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*2.70	1.14	*3.72	1.68	*0.63	0.63	—	—	*2.24	1.66	*3.84	2.00	—	—
Both 1st- and 2nd-degree relatives
Asymptomatic risk drinker	12.11	1.27	11.65	1.74	12.81	1.93	23.24	7.09	14.15	2.00	9.31	1.84	*4.16	3.04
Low-risk drinker	24.37	1.98	20.34	2.56	30.48	2.85	*19.86	7.82	28.29	2.63	20.91	2.92	18.93	5.75
Abstainer	44.40	2.02	48.22	2.89	38.62	2.90	*23.31	8.02	34.38	2.56	55.34	3.48	72.89	6.29
Partial remission	15.50	1.26	16.04	1.90	14.70	1.90	23.97	7.67	18.62	2.16	12.26	1.96	*4.02	2.34
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.61	0.74	3.75	0.95	3.40	1.10	*9.62	5.02	4.56	1.16	2.19	0.84	—	—
Any Parent Alcoholic
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	12.81	1.51	10.78	1.85	15.78	2.54	24.63	7.92	15.01	2.17	10.41	2.25	*1.52	1.52
Low-risk drinker	24.63	1.83	22.24	2.64	28.14	2.70	*16.86	7.27	25.31	2.48	24.85	3.02	24.81	7.13
Abstainer	43.08	2.09	46.55	3.22	37.99	3.02	*17.07	6.54	35.35	2.77	51.63	3.54	67.93	7.67
Partial remission	15.49	1.48	15.65	2.03	15.25	2.25	31.23	8.01	19.52	2.52	10.26	1.92	*5.74	3.49
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.99	0.80	4.78	1.15	2.84	1.05	*10.20	5.20	4.80	1.29	2.85	1.00	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	16.80	1.33	16.65	1.82	17.15	2.44	22.28	6.28	19.73	2.09	13.72	2.21	*9.80	3.77
Low-risk drinker	29.21	1.82	26.47	2.15	35.66	2.97	*14.36	5.86	33.79	2.55	26.42	2.59	21.21	4.49
Abstainer	31.78	1.80	33.60	2.38	27.48	2.78	*18.27	7.37	21.25	2.02	42.18	3.03	56.50	6.01
Partial remission	19.09	1.38	20.16	1.71	16.55	2.45	42.62	8.56	21.82	2.13	14.20	1.90	11.90	3.73
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.13	0.50	3.12	0.55	3.15	1.09	*2.47	2.45	3.41	0.80	3.48	0.80	*0.58	0.58
Married to Alcoholic/Lived with Alcoholic as if Married
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	10.71	1.87	8.08	2.93	12.47	2.23	*5.63	5.79	11.64	2.54	10.96	2.75	*2.48	2.46
Low-risk drinker	20.18	2.08	10.02	2.53	26.97	2.97	—	—	22.03	3.42	19.98	3.05	*12.67	5.29
Abstainer	48.26	2.47	56.89	4.48	42.50	3.27	*25.11	15.42	40.02	4.23	52.43	3.48	79.32	7.10
Partial remission	14.87	1.78	15.22	3.23	14.64	2.17	*27.23	15.14	19.05	3.29	12.04	2.24	*5.52	3.59
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	5.97	1.14	9.79	2.59	3.42	1.13	*42.03	20.97	7.25	2.02	4.58	1.56	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	16.68	1.19	15.67	1.46	19.62	2.48	24.75	5.23	19.63	1.86	12.92	1.98	*8.24	3.27
Low-risk drinker	29.74	1.57	27.59	1.84	36.02	2.70	16.72	5.05	32.86	2.12	28.61	2.51	24.28	4.64
Abstainer	32.37	1.64	34.99	2.05	24.76	2.67	17.14	4.98	23.01	1.77	43.28	2.90	56.06	5.79
Partial remission	18.56	1.18	19.12	1.41	16.92	2.22	38.12	6.38	21.45	1.84	12.68	1.73	10.93	3.22
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	2.65	0.43	2.64	0.49	2.68	0.88	*3.26	2.30	3.04	0.64	2.52	0.73	*0.49	0.49
Any Alcohol Treatment in the Past Year
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	*3.53	1.43	*4.19	1.96	*1.95	1.43	—	—	*5.61	2.56	*0.32	0.33	*9.86	9.27
Low-risk drinker	5.34	1.66	5.79	1.99	*4.27	3.12	—	—	*5.43	2.40	*2.93	1.41	*18.97	11.52
Abstainer	80.46	3.58	79.00	4.38	83.97	5.78	*4.01	4.72	76.90	5.45	89.55	4.13	71.16	13.36
Partial remission	*6.05	2.34	*4.48	2.60	*9.81	4.92	*95.99	4.72	*5.28	2.82	*3.77	3.26	—	—
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	*4.62	1.83	*6.54	2.57	—	—	—	—	*6.78	3.20	*3.42	2.41	—	—
No
Asymptomatic risk drinker	16.28	1.07	15.56	1.41	17.65	1.88	24.27	5.14	18.98	1.70	13.57	1.88	*7.02	2.86
Low-risk drinker	29.41	1.40	26.85	1.77	34.27	2.15	16.12	4.93	32.70	1.95	28.22	2.23	22.63	4.33
Abstainer	32.22	1.39	34.22	1.92	28.43	2.08	18.24	5.00	22.34	1.62	41.61	2.29	58.94	5.51
Partial remission	18.72	1.06	19.93	1.37	16.41	1.75	35.08	6.33	22.28	1.72	13.42	1.40	10.97	3.05
Recurrence of alcohol dependence	3.37	0.42	3.44	0.54	3.24	0.80	*6.29	2.99	3.69	0.69	3.18	0.64	*0.44	0.44
Any Alcohol Treatment in Life
Yes
Asymptomatic risk drinker	9.27	1.61	10.24	2.11	6.87	2.09	*1.63