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Table 1. Summary of Results from Selected Comparative Studies of Drinking Rates
	Australia	Austria	Belgium	Canada	Czech Republic	Denmark	Estonia	Finland	France	Germany	Greece	Ireland	Israel	Italy	Luxemburg	Netherlands	Norway	Portugal	Russia	Spain	Sweden	Switzerland	UK	USA
Hupkens et al. 1993 (12 EU countries)			*			*			*	*	*	*		*	*	*		*		*			*
Abstinence						L						H
Frequency												L		HW						HM
Ahlström et al. 2001 (7 European countries)								*	*	*				*		*					*	*
Current drinking									HM					L							HW	L
Frequency per month								L	H
Mean consumption								L						H
Heavy drinking								L		HM				HW
Leifman et al. 2002 (6 EU countries)								*	*	*				*							*		*
Abstinence								L	H
Daily drinking														H							L
Average volume																					L		H
Binge drinking									L														H
Wilsnack et al. 2000 (10 countries)	*			*	*		*	*					*			*			*		*			*
Lifetime abstinence					L								H
Current drinking					H								LW											LM
Frequency				HM			L									HW
Average volume				LM									H			LW
Heavy drinking					HM								L								HW
Simpura & Karlsson 2001 (15 countries)		*	*			*		*	*	*	*	*		*		*	*	*		*	*		*
Abstinence						L								HM				HW
Daily drinking																	L	H
Mäkelä et al. 2001 (4 Scandinavian countries)						*		*									*				*
Abstinence						L											HW				HM
Mean consumption						H											L
Per occasion						HW		HM/ LW													LM
6+ frequency						H		LW									LM

NOTE: Countries participating in the respective studies are shaded (*); countries with the highest (H) or lowest (L) levels and for men (M) or women (W) of each variable studied are indicated.

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