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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
SECTION 1: NATIONAL HEALTH AND ALCOHOL DATA SETS
Alcohol and Drug Services Study (ADSS)—1996–97, 1997–99, and 1998–99
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)—1984–2006, Annually
Drug Services Research Survey (DSRS)—1990
Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)—1975–2005
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS)—1988–2004
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS)—1973–92, 1993–2004
National Automotive Sampling System—General Estimates System (GES)—1988–2005, Annually
National Comorbidity Survey (NCS)—1990–92, Replication (NCS-R) 2001–03
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)—1973–2005, Annually
National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)—2001–02
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES I)—1971–75
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Studies (NHEFS82)—1982–84
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Studies (NHEFS86)—1986
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Studies (NHEFS87)—1987
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Studies (NHEFS92)—1992
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II (NHANES II)—1976–80
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II Mortality Study (NH2MS)—1976–92
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III)—1988–94
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (continuous NHANES)—1999–2004
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)—General Description, 1957–96
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)—General Description, 1997–2005
National Health Interview Survey on Disability (NHIS-D) and Year 2000 Objectives—1994–95
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), Year 2000 Objectives Supplement—1993
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), YRBS and Cancer Epidemiology Supplements—1992
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), Drug and Alcohol Use Supplement—1991
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), Alcohol Sections—1983 and 1988
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Cancer Risk Factor Supplement, Epidemiologic Study—1987
National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS)—1992–2005, Annually
National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS)—1970–2005, Annually
National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES)—1992
National Mortality Followback Survey (NMFS)—1986 and 1993
National Survey of Personal Health Practices and Consequences (NSPHPC), Wave I—1979 and Wave II—1980
National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study (NTIES)—1990–91, 1992–97
Services Research Outcomes Study (SROS)—1995–96
SECTION 2: SPECIAL POPULATION DATA SETS
(Washington) DC Metropolitan Area Drug Study (DC*MADS)—1991, 1992
Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES)—1982–84
Monitoring the Future (MTF): A Continuing Study of American Youth—1975–2006, Annually
National Adolescent Student Health Survey (NASHS)—1987–88
National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88)
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79)—1979–2004
National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97)—1997–2005
National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS)—1988, and the Longitudinal Followup of NMIHS—1991
National Natality Survey (NNS)—1980, and the National Fetal Mortality Survey (NFMS)—1980
National Pregnancy and Health Survey: Drug Use Among Women Delivering Live Births (NPHS)—1992
National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) 1987–88, 1992–94, 2001–03
National Survey of Parents and Youth (NSPY), Rounds 1, 2, 3, 4—1999–2004
National Youth Survey (NYS)—1976–80, 1983, 1987
Survey of Inmates of Local Jails—1978, 1983, 1989, 1996, and 2002
SECTION 3: AEDS PUBLICATIONS AND PRODUCTS
APPENDIX: LIST OF ACRONYMS
INTRODUCTION
This Alcohol Epidemiologic Data Directory is compiled and updated by the Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System (AEDS), operated by CSR, Incorporated under contract for the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). AEDS’ task is to identify, acquire, maintain, and analyze alcohol-related epidemiologic data under the direction of NIAAA’s Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research.
This Directory is a current listing of surveys and other relevant data suitable for epidemiologic research on alcohol. Some surveys included in the Directory are designed specifically to answer alcohol-related questions. Other surveys may address other issues but still contain alcohol-related data. The first section of the Directory includes data sets that are representative of the overall U.S. population, although many use different age categories in the sample design. The second section includes data sets on special populations (e.g., adolescents, prison inmates, military personnel, older Americans, and specific racial/ethnic groups). A final section describes publications and other research products available from AEDS. It is important to note that this Directory is not a comprehensive listing of all data sets that are available to alcoholism professionals. Many small-scale surveys, such as single-state surveys and local attitudinal surveys, are excluded, as are data sets that are not available to the public.
Data sets described in the Directory are sponsored or produced by a variety of organizations. A source contact is listed for each data set to assist researchers with obtaining current information on the data set. Internet addresses are included to guide users to additional information from the data providers. The Internet addresses are checked for currency prior to publication of the Directory, but some address changes are likely over the annual period of this publication. In such cases, the source contacts can direct users to the new Internet sites. In recent years data increasingly are available in downloadable formats from the Internet sites. Information on availability is provided for each data set, including hyperlinks for downloading, when available. Unless otherwise specified, the data sets in this Directory are not available from AEDS, but rather from sponsoring organizations or their contracted providers.
Analytic results from data sets described in this Directory often are available on the Internet in tabular or summary form. Further, some data sets can be analyzed online with programs provided by the sponsoring organization. Some useful Internet links include the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive (SAMHDA), the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD), and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Finally, other AEDS publications are described in Section 3 of this report and may be accessed through NIAAA’s Web site http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/.
An electronic copy of this Directory is available at http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/datasys.htm. AEDS welcomes any suggestions or comments on this Directory. Comments or any requests for additional copies of this or other AEDS publications should be directed to:
Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System
CSR, Incorporated
2107 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1000
Arlington, VA 22201
Phone: (703) 312-5220
Fax: (703) 312-5230
Email: AEDSinfo@csrincorporated.com
Section 1: National Health and Alcohol Data Sets
Alcohol and Drug Services Study (ADSS)—1996–97, 1997–99, and 1998–99
Sponsoring Agency:
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Anita Gadzuk
Office of Applied Studies
SAMHSA
1 Choke Cherry Road, Room 7-1007
Rockville, MD 20857
(240) 276-1266Availability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/SAMHDA/archive.html by searching on ADSS.
Overview:
ADSS, a national survey of substance abuse treatment facilities and clients, is designed to develop estimates of the duration and costs of treatment and to describe the post-treatment status of substance abuse clients. Information includes treatment cost estimates, program capacity, data on the relation of services and resources to treatment outcome, services to special populations, and data to validate annual Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) reports. ADSS is the continuation of the Drug Services Research Study (DSRS) and the Services Research Outcomes Study (SROS), described separately in this publication.
Survey Design/Methodology:
ADSS comprises (1) a facility-based telephone interview with a representative sample of substance abuse treatment providers; (2) a record-based survey of patients, where patient-level information is collected on a sample of patients discharged during a 6-month time period; and (3) followup personal interviews with the sample of patients and a comparison group to determine substance use, criminal behavior, and other functional characteristics.
Sample Characteristics:
ADSS uses a sample of 2,395 treatment facilities. The sample is stratified to reflect the types of care offered in substance abuse treatment including hospitals, nonhospital residential treatment facilities, outpatient methadone treatment facilities, outpatient nonmethadone treatment facilities, and outpatient combined methadone and nonmethadone treatment facilities serving predominantly alcohol-abusing clients, and other facilities with undetermined types of care. Approximately 300 facilities per stratum were sub-sampled by a site visit. Patient-level information is collected on a sample of client records from 280 facilities in Phase 2. Phase 3 interviews are randomly selected from clients included in Phase 2.
Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol and other drug use history is recorded along with treatment type, cost, and capacity; length of stay; and source of payment. Post-treatment use is recorded in the Phase 3 followup.
Other Variables:
Demographics (age, race and sex), pregnancy status, living arrangements, and source of treatment referral are collected on patients. Recorded facility characteristics include ownership, accreditation, workload and staffing, revenue sources, and treatment cost. Followup includes post-treatment status of criminal behavior, employment, and health resources use.
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)—1984–2006, Annually
Sponsoring Agency:
BRFSS surveys are conducted by the states and coordinated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Behavioral Surveillance Branch
DACH, NCCDPHP, CDC
4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mail Stop K–40
Atlanta, GA 30341-3717
(770) 488-2466
http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/Availability:
Data files in SAS transport format are available for download from http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/technical_infodata/surveydata.htm.
Overview:
BRFSS is an ongoing data collection program designed to monitor state-level prevalence of the major behavioral risks associated with premature morbidity and mortality among adults. The survey was initiated in 1984, with 15 states participating in the monthly data collection. By 1994, all states and the District of Columbia were participating in BRFSS. Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico were included in 2001–2002. Factors assessed by the BRFSS include alcohol and tobacco use, health care coverage, tested for HIV/AIDS, physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption. CDC developed standard core questions for states to use to collect data that could be compared across states. The survey also includes many optional modules and state added questions.
Survey Design/Methodology:
BRFSS is conducted in each participating state on a probability sample of the adult population ages 18 and older. Telephone interviews are conducted during a 2-week period each month throughout the year. Most states use a disproportionate stratified sample (DSS) design. A few states used a Mitofsky-Waksberg design or a simple random sample design. Deviations from sampling frame and weighting protocols exist among states. Initially conducted with paper-administered survey forms, interviews are now conducted through computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI).
Sample Characteristics:
BRFSS samples vary in size from state to state and from year to year, depending on the number of states participating and the availability of funds. In 2006, there were a total of 355,710 respondents from all states and territories, excluding Guam. The BRFSS is designed to collect state-level data, but some regional prevalence estimates are possible from a number of states that stratify their samples.
Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol variables were asked in reference to the past month or the past 30 days, including frequency of consumption, average number of drinks consumed per occasion, having 5 or more drinks per occasion, and driving after drinking. Alcohol questions were included in the core questionnaire prior to 1994. Beginning in 1994, the alcohol section rotated between the core questionnaire and optional modules. Eleven states responded to alcohol questions in 1994, all states responded in 1995, 17 in 1996, all in 1997, 12 in 1998, all in 1999, and 11 in 2000. Five states added their own alcohol questions in 2000. With the exception of Hawaii in 2004, all states responded in 2001–2006.
Other Variables:
BRFSS covers demographics, health status, health care access, family planning, asthma, diabetes, oral health, diet, immunization, seatbelt use, history of hypertension, frequency of physical exercise, amount of recreational activity, access and storage of firearms, mammography, exposure to stress, smoking, women’s health, HIV/AIDS and prevention behaviors (e.g., annual checkups, cancer screening, etc.). Optional modules allow states to address emerging health issues.
Drug Services Research Survey (DSRS)—1990
Sponsoring Agency:
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Office of Applied Studies
Publications and Data Dissemination
SAMHSA
1 Choke Cherry Road
Rockville, MD 20857
(240) 276-1212
http://www.drugabusestatistics.samhsa.gov/dsrs.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/SAMHDA/archive.html.
Overview:
DSRS is a national survey conducted in 1990 to obtain information on alcoholism and drug abuse treatment providers and clients to supplement data from the National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS). Treatment capacity and utilization, treatment of IV drug users and pregnant women, and training received by treatment providers was recorded. This survey provides baseline data for the SROS study of treatment outcome. For continuation of these data, see SROS, ADSS, and UFDS, described separately in this publication.
Survey Design/Methodology:
DSRS consists of two components, a facility-based telephone interview with a representative sample of drug treatment providers, followed by a record-based survey of patients discharged from treatment. In the first phase, facility-level information was collected from facility directors. In the second phase, patient-level information was abstracted from records of sampled patients discharged during the 12-month period from September 1, 1989, through August 31, 1990.
Sample Characteristics:
DSRS uses a stratified random sample of 1,803 treatment facilities in the coterminous United States that was drawn from the 1990 NDATUS. Among them, 1,183 participated in the facility-based telephone interviews. A sub-sample of 120 facilities participated in site visits to abstract information from patient records. Client record-based data were collected on a sample of 2,222 discharged patients.
Alcohol Variables:
Facility variables include treatment modality, length of stay, principal drug of use for clients in treatment, treatment history, history of use, and source.
Other Variables:
Ownership, accreditation, capacity and workload, staffing, cost, and sources of revenue are recorded for each facility. Patient data include demographics, education, employment status, living arrangements, and source of referral to treatment.
Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)—1975–2005
Sponsoring Agency:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), U.S. Department of Transportation
Contact:
Ms. Louann Hall
National Center for Statistics and Analysis
NRD-31, NHTSA
400 Seventh Street, SW
Washington, DC 20590
(202) 366-4198 or 1-800-934-8517
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa/fars.html or http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.govAvailability:
Data can be downloaded in SAS or ASCII format from ftp://ftp.nhtsa.dot.gov/fars.
Overview:
FARS is designed to assist the traffic safety community in identifying traffic safety problems (including drinking and driving), developing and implementing vehicle and driver countermeasures, and evaluating motor vehicle safety standards and highway safety initiatives. FARS gathers detailed data on all fatal traffic crashes each year within the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. FARS has been in operation since 1975.
Survey Design/Methodology:
FARS is a census of all fatal traffic crashes. To be included in FARS, a crash must involve at least one motor vehicle moving on a roadway customarily open to the public and must result in the death of a person within 30 days of the crash. Each case has more than 100 data elements that characterize the crash and are coded at four levels: the accident, the vehicle, the driver, and the person(s) involved. Data sources may include police crash reports, state vehicle registration files, state driver licensing files, state highway department files, vital statistics documents, death certificates, coroner reports, hospital reports, and emergency medical services reports. The specific data elements may be modified slightly over the years.
Sample Characteristics:
FARS’ total number of cases varies from year to year. In 2005, FARS reported 39,189 fatal traffic crashes that resulted in 43,443 deaths.
Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol variables include police officers’ judgment on alcohol involvement and results of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) tests. Since 1984, NHTSA has used statistical methods to estimate BAC values for drivers with unknown BAC levels. The imputed BAC data are provided in separate data files.
Other Variables:
Other variables include age, sex, role (driver, passenger, nonoccupant) for all persons in the traffic crash, injury severity, time and date of the crash, number of vehicles involved, vehicle make and model, speed limit, road and atmospheric conditions, violations charged, and previous convictions of traffic violations for all drivers.
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS)—1988–2004
Sponsoring Agency:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project
AHRQ
540 Gaither Road
Suite 2000
Rockville, MD 20850
(301) 427-1364
http://www.ahcpr.gov/data/hcup/ or http://www.ahrq.gov/data/hcupAvailability:
Aggregate statistics for the years 1997 to 2004 are available at http://www.hcup.ahrq.gov/HCUPnet.asp. HCUP data files are available for purchase from: HCUP Central Distributor, Social and Scientific Systems, Inc., Phone (866) 556-4287 (toll free), Fax (866) 792-5313; E-mail HCUPdistributor@ahrq.gov
Overview:
HCUP is a Federal-state-industry partnership in health care data collection. It includes inpatient data from all payer sources. HCUP’s objectives are to (1) obtain data from statewide information sources, (2) design and develop a multistate health care database for health services research and health policy analysis, and (3) release data to a broad set of public and private users. HCUP data allow for comparative studies of health care services and the use and cost of hospital care, including the effects of market forces on hospitals and the care they provide, variations in medical practice, the effectiveness of medical technology and treatments, and use of services by special populations. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), part of HCUP, is a database containing patient-level information on inpatient hospital stays.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NIS examines discharge data from hospitals in states that have agreed to provide the project with payer data on hospital inpatient stays. Inpatient stay records include clinical and resource use information typically available from discharge abstracts. Hospital and discharge weights are provided for national estimates. Discharge data can be linked to hospital-level data from the American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey of Hospitals and to county-level data from the Bureau of Health Professions’ Area Resource File (except in those states that do not allow the release of hospital identifiers).
Sample Characteristics:
NIS is a stratified probability sample of U.S. hospitals proportional to the number of community hospitals in each stratum. NIS contains discharge data from about 1,000 hospitals, approximating a 20-percent sample of U.S. community hospitals. Data include 5 million to 8 million hospital inpatient records. Data releases and the number of states involved are listed as follows: Release 1: 1988–92 (8 states in 1988; 11 in 1989–92); Release 2: 1993 (17 states); Release 3: 1994 (17 states); Release 4: 1995 (19 states); Release 5: 1996 (19 states); Release 6: 1997 (22 states); Release 7: 1998 (22 states); Release 8: 1999 (24 states); Release 9: 2000 (28 states); Release 10: 2001 (33 states); Release 11: 2002 (35 states); Release 12: 2003 (37 states); Release 13: 2004 (37 states).
Alcohol Variables:
NIS contains alcohol-related diagnoses that may be analyzed by geographic region, hospital ownership, urban/rural location, and quality-of-care outcomes.
Other Variables:
NIS includes other key variables such as principal diagnosis, any listed diagnosis, principal procedure, any listed procedure, DRG (diagnosis related group) in effect on discharge, age, race, sex, death during hospitalization, length of stay, primary and secondary payer, and income.
National Alcohol Survey (NAS)—1964–65, 1967, 1969, 1974, 1979, 1984, 1990, 1992, 1995–96, and 2000–01
Sponsoring Agency:
Alcohol Research Group, and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Alcohol Research Group
Public Health Institute
6475 Christie Avenue, Suite 400
Emeryville, CA 94608-1010
(510) 597-3440
http://www.arg.org/studies.htmlAvailability:
The N9 data and documentation from NAS are available on request from AEDS (AEDSDATA@csrincorporated.com)
Overview:
NAS is designed to assess trends in drinking practices and problems in the national population, including attitudes, norms, treatment experiences and adverse consequences. It also studies the effects of public policy on drinking practices (i.e., alcoholic beverage warning labels).
Survey Design/Methodology:
NAS uses a multistage-area probability sample of persons ages 18 and older in households within the 48 contiguous states. Blacks and Hispanics are oversampled. Special populations in various institutional settings, including detoxification centers, jails, clinics, emergency rooms, and welfare offices may be sampled. Both in-person and telephone interviews are conducted until 1999. The 2000 NAS uses a random digit dialing (RDD), computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI).
Sample Characteristics:
The number of respondents varies each year as shown below:
Survey Year Sample Size Population N1 1964–1965 2,746 Adults, excl. AK and HI N2 1967 1,359 N1 respondents, reinterviewed N3 1969 978 Men, ages 21–49 N4 1974 725 N3 respondents, reinterviewed N5 1974 901 N2 respondents, reinterviewed N6 1979 1,772 Adults, ages 18+ N7 1984 5,221 Adults, ages 18+ N8 1990 2,058 Adults, ages 18+ 1,110 Youth supplement, ages 12–30 N7 Followup 1992 2,247 N7 respondents, reinterviewed 583 New youth respondents, ages 18–25 N8 Followup 1992–1993 1,027 N8 respondents, reinterviewed 261 Family members of teens (12–17) from N8 main sample, reinterviewed N9 1995–1996 4,925 Adults, ages 18+ N10 2000–2001 9,044 Adults, ages 18+ Alcohol Variables:
NAS data are collected on graduated frequencies measures of alcohol consumption; beverage type including beer, wine and spirits; binge drinking; attempts to reduce drinking; attitudes/opinions on drinking levels in different drinking situations; treatment status; and drinking consequences. Drinking consequences include skipping meals, shaky hands, financial harm, employment repercussions, injury or health effects, and psychological/ emotional distress. The N10 survey includes risk curve analyses for black, white, and Hispanic.
Other Variables:
Demographics include age, race, sex, geographic region, education, income, and others. Other variables include attitudes and values concerning violence, injury, risk-taking behaviors, AIDS knowledge and fears, illegal behaviors, arrests, and criminal history.
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS)—1973–92, 1993–2005
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Kenneth W. Harris
Research Data Center, NCHS
3311 Toledo Road, Suite 4113
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4277
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/ahcd/ahcd1.htm.
Overview:
NAMCS is a national survey designed to meet the need for objective, reliable information about the provision and use of ambulatory medical care services in the United States.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NAMCS utilizes a multistage probability design involving probability samples of primary sampling units (PSUs), physician practices within PSUs, and patient visits within practices. First-stage samples include PSUs that are counties, groups of counties, county equivalents (such as parishes or independent cities), or towns and townships. Second-stage samples consist of a probability sample of practicing physicians contained in master files maintained by the American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Osteopathic Association (AOA). The physicians are office-based, principally engaged in patient care activities; non-federally employed; and not in specialties of anesthesiology, pathology, and radiology. All eligible physicians are stratified into 15 groups and a sample is taken of the physicians’ patient visits. The physician sample is divided into 52 random sub-samples and assigned to 1 of the 52 weeks in the survey year. Random patient visit samples are selected by the physician during an assigned week. Actual data collection is carried out by the physician and aided by his/her office staff when possible.
Sample Characteristics:
NAMCS sample sizes of patients vary from year to year. The sampling rate varies from a 100-percent sample for very small practices to a 20-percent sample for very large practices. During 2005, NAMCS collected a total of 25,665 patient record forms from 1,191 physicians, a sample reflecting 963.6 million office visits made in the United States.
Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol use or alcohol-related conditions cited as a reason for the visit are coded only when mentioned by the patient.
Other Variables:
Patient variables include date of visit, age, sex, race, ethnicity, reason for visit (up to three), expected source(s) of payment, diagnostic screening services, physician’s diagnoses (up to three). Also included are referral and previous visit history, medication and nonmedication therapy (up to five medications), disposition and duration of visit, weight, geographic region, and SMSA code. Pregnancy status, authorization requirements, HMO status, and the major reason for the patient visit were added to the NAMCS in 1997.
National Automotive Sampling System—General Estimates System (GES)—1988–2005, Annually
Sponsoring Agency:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), U.S. Department of Transportation
Contact:
National Center for Statistics and Analysis
NPO-100, NHTSA
400 Seventh Street, SW
Washington, DC 20590
(202) 366-4198 or 1-800-934-8517
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa//Contact.html
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/departments/nrd-30/ncsa//NASS.htmlAvailability:
Data can be downloaded in SAS or ASCII formats from ftp://ftp.nhtsa.dot.gov/ges/.
Overview:
GES began in 1988. It supports the development, implementation, and assessment of highway safety programs aimed at reducing the human and economic cost of motor vehicle traffic crashes. These program efforts include identifying highway safety problem areas, providing a basis for regulatory and consumer information initiatives, and forming the basis for cost and benefit analyses of highway safety initiatives.
Survey Design/Methodology:
GES collects data from a nationally representative stratified probability sample of the estimated 6.4 million police-reported crashes that occur each year. GES collectors obtain data in weekly, biweekly, or monthly visits to approximately 400 police agencies within 60 demographic sites throughout the United States.
Sample Characteristics:
GES uses a sample of Police Accident Reports (PARs) involving at least one motor vehicle traveling on a traffic way and resulting in property damage, injury, or death. Approximately 50,000 PARs on accidents of all types, from minor to serious, are sampled each year. Information is collected at the accident, vehicle/driver, and person level.
Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol use by anyone in the traffic crash is recorded based on police-reported alcohol involvement. Alcohol use is imputed for persons with unknown value on this variable. Also included is a variable indicating violation(s) charged to the drivers of the vehicles, including driving under the influence of alcohol/drugs.
Other Variables:
Other key variables include age, sex, time and date of occurrence, vehicle make, injury information, fatalities, property damage, and sample weights.
National Comorbidity Survey (NCS)—1990–92, Replication (NCS-R)—2001–03
Sponsoring Agency:
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the W.T. Grant Foundation
Contact:
Ronald C. Kessler
Harvard Medical School
180 Longwood Avenue
Boston, MA 02115-5899
(617) 432-3587
http://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/ncs/contact.php
– OR –Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR)
The University of Michigan
P.O. Box 1248
Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248
(734) 615-9524 or 1-888-741-7242 (SAMHDA Helpline)
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/SAMHDA/contacts.htmlAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/SAMHDA/archive.html.
Overview:
NCS is a collaborative epidemiologic investigation designed to study the prevalence and correlates of DSM III-R disorders, including patterns and correlates of service utilization. NCS contains a set of surveys, including Phases I and II (NCS-1 and NCS-2) and a replication survey (NCS-R). In addition, NCS-A is a planned survey of adolescents designed to provide representative data on the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders among youth.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NCS uses a fully structured diagnostic interview to assess the prevalence and correlates of DSM-III-R disorders. The baseline NCS was a structured psychiatric interview with a nationally representative sample in the fall of 1990 to the spring of 1992. Subsamples of the respondents completed the NCS-2 survey and the Tobacco Use Supplement. The study also included a nonrespondent survey and a supplemental sample of students living in campus group housing. Diagnoses were based on a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (the UM-CIDI).
NCS-R was carried out a decade after the original NCS (NCS-1). The NCS-R repeats many of the questions from the NCS-1 and also expands the questioning to include assessments based on the more recent DSM-IV diagnostics system.
Sample Characteristics:
NCS uses a stratified, multistage area probability sample of persons ages 15–54 years from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population in the 48 contiguous States. The NCS household sample included more than 8,000 respondents. The NCS-2 was completed by a subsample of 5,877 respondents. The Tobacco Use Supplement was completed by a subsample of 4,414 respondents.
NCS-R interviewed adults ages 18 years and older, rather than in the NCS-1 age range of 15–54. The NCS-R sample included over 9,000 respondents in Part I. Part II was administered only to a subsample of Part I respondents, including all Part I respondents with a lifetime disorder plus a probability subsample of other respondents.
Alcohol Variables:
Drugs listed in the NCS and NCS-R include alcohol, tobacco, sedatives, stimulants, tranquilizers, analgesics, inhalants, marijuana/hashish, cocaine, hallucinogens, heroin, nonmedical use of prescription drugs, and polysubstance use. Data are collected on personal and family history of substance use, abuse, and substance abuse treatment. Drug use includes recency, frequency, age at first use, and problems resulting from the use of drugs.
Other Variables:
Other variables of the NCS and NCS-R include demographic characteristics, personal and family history of psychiatric problems, mental health treatment, symptoms of psychiatric disorders, mental health status, HIV-risk behaviors, and physical health status.
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)—1973–2005, Annually
Sponsoring Agency:
Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), U.S. Department of Justice
Contact:
Victimization Statistics
Bureau of Justice Statistics
810 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 307-0765
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/cvict.htmAvailability:
Data files for 1992–2005 are available for download from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu. Contact BJS for information about other NCVS data available on CD-ROM.
Overview:
NCVS collects data on the prevalence of personal and household victimization in the United States and permits comparisons over time and types of areas. The program has three primary objectives: to develop detailed information about the victims and consequences of crime, to estimate the numbers and types of crimes not reported to the police, and to provide uniform measures of selected types of crimes. A School Crime Supplement was conducted in 1989, 1995, 1999, 2001, 2003, and 2005 studying students ages 12 to 19 (ages 12 to 18 since 1999) in schools leading toward diplomas. NCVS was redesigned in 1992 to improve data on sexual assaults and domestic violence and to improve recall ability.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NCVS is an ongoing national probability survey of residential addresses in selected U.S. cities using a stratified multistage cluster sample. Data are collected quarterly, and six quarters comprise an annual file (four in the current year and the first two quarters of the following year). NCVS data are collected by telephone and in-person interviews.
Sample Characteristics:
NCVS target population is individuals 12 years of age and older living in households and group quarters within the United States and the District of Columbia. The sample of housing units is divided into 6 rotation groups, and each group is interviewed every 6 months for a period of 3½ years. In 2005, the NCVS included 151,387 households and 237,790 persons. The NCVS has consistently obtained a response rate of about 95 percent.
Alcohol Variables:
NCVS inquires if the victim noticed that the offender had been drinking or used drugs in combination with alcohol.
Other Variables:
NCVS includes demographic information on the victim and offender, characteristics of the crime, situational data, and information on responses by the victim about the incident and the criminal justice system. The recorded crimes (or attempted crimes) include rape and sexual attack, robbery, assault, pickpocketing, burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and vandalism.
National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)—2001–02
Sponsoring Agency:
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Nekisha Lakins
Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System, NIAAA
CSR, Incorporated
2107 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1000
Arlington, VA 22201
(703) 741-7157
nlakins@csrincorporated.comAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://niaaa.census.gov/.
Overview:
NESARC was designed to assess the prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUD) and their associated disabilities in the general population. The survey is the largest ever comorbidity study of multiple mental health disorders among U.S. adults, including alcohol and other substance use disorders, personality disorders, and anxiety and mood disorders. NESARC is designed to be a longitudinal survey with the first wave fielded in 2001–2002. The second wave of interviews is planned for 2004–2005 and uses the same sample of respondents.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NESARC is a nationwide household survey with a multistage stratified probability sample representative of civilian, noninstitutionalized adults residing in the United States, including all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Military personnel living off base and residents in noninstitutionalized group quarters housing, such as boarding houses, shelters, and dormitories, were also included. One sample person 18 years or older was selected randomly from each household for a face-to-face interview. Data collection for Wave I was completed using the computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) method.
Sample Characteristics:
The final sample for the first wave of the survey includes 43,093 respondents. Blacks, Hispanics and young adults 18–24 years of age were oversampled. The design and sampling strategy of the survey allow for population estimates at the national level.
Alcohol Variables:
Respondents were asked about their alcohol consumption behavior (e.g., drinking status, age of drinking onset, and beverage-specific drinking amounts and patterns). Lifetime as well as past 12-month alcohol abuse and dependence were measured by symptom questions according to the DSM-IV criteria, using the NIAAA Alcohol Use Disorders and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule–DSM-IV (AUDADIS-IV). Alcohol variables also include information on alcohol treatment utilization and family history of alcoholism.
Other Variables:
Demographic variables include age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, family structure when growing up, marital status, employment/school status, income, health insurance, selected medical conditions, and disability status. Other substance variables include use, abuse and dependence, treatment utilization, and family history pertaining to tobacco and ten categories of medicine and illicit drugs. Mental health variables include lifetime and past 12-month DSM-IV diagnoses and treatment of major depression, dysthymia, mania and hypomania, panic disorder and agoraphobia, social and specific phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, and pathologic gambling. Lifetime diagnoses were obtained for conduct disorder and personality disorders, including antisocial personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and histrionic personality disorder.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES I)—1971–75
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
NCHS, Division of Health Examination Statistics
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4636 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhanes/datalink.htm. Due to confidentiality requirements, the NHANES I linked data files only are available for analysis through the NCHS Research Data Center (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/r&d/rdc.htm).
Overview:
In 1970, the National Nutritional Surveillance System was combined with the National Health Examination Survey to form NHANES. This was done to initiate a series of surveys to collect information about health and diet of people in the U.S. Major goals of NHANES are to (1) estimate the number and percent of persons in the U.S. population and designated subgroups with selected disease and risk factors; (2) monitor trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of selected diseases; (3) monitor trends in risk behaviors and environmental exposures; (4) analyze risk factors for selected diseases; (5) study the relationship between diet, nutrition, and health; (6) explore emerging public health issues and new technologies; and (7) establish a national probability sample of genetic material for future genetic testing (NHANES III and beyond). NHANES I represents the first cycle of the NHANES studies.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NHANES I used a multistage, stratified probability sample of clusters of persons ages 1–74, with over-sampling of certain population subgroups, e.g., persons living in poverty areas, women of childbearing age (ages 25–44), and elderly persons (ages 65 and older). Data are weighted to represent the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States, excluding Alaska, Hawaii, and persons residing on Indian reservations. During 1971–1979 extensive data were collected through interviews, physical examinations, a battery of clinical measures, and various laboratory tests. On the entire sample these data include a general medical history; 24-hour dietary intake; food frequency interview; food program questionnaire; general medical exam including dental, dermatological, and ophthalmological exams; anthropometric measures; and 24 hematological, blood chemistry, and urological lab determinations. Hand–wrist x-rays were performed on children ages 1–17, and additional clinical and laboratory tests were performed on a subset of sampled adults ages 25–74.
NCHS has conducted a linkage of NHANES I with records in the National Death Index (1971–2000), the Medicare Enrollment and Claims data (1991–2000), and the Social Security benefit history data (1962–2003). The linkage of the NHANES I survey participants with the other data provides opportunities to conduct studies designed to investigate the association of a variety of health factors with disability, chronic disease, health care utilization, morbidity, and mortality.
Sample Characteristics:
NHANES I sample included about 32,000 persons ages 1–74. Among them, 14,407 were medically examined.
Alcohol Variables:
The NHANES I medical exam includes four alcohol questions:
During the last year, have you had at least one drink of beer, wine, or liquor?
How often do you drink?
Which do you most frequently drink (beer, wine, liquor)?
When you do drink (beer/wine/liquor), how much do you usually drink over 24 hours?
A 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire asks for the time and place of alcohol intake during a 24-hour period. Information on caloric value for each ingested food substance is included. This permits analysis of food calories, alcohol calories, and percentage of alcohol in the respondent’s diet.
Other Variables:
Demographic variables include age, sex, race, education, occupation, employment status, marital status, income, language, and ancestry/national origin. Other variables include participation in public assistance programs, housing type and facilities, results of the medical history, 24-hour dietary intake, food frequency interview, food program questionnaire, plus the general medical exams and laboratory tests.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Studies (NHEFS82)—1982–84
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Christine S. Cox
Division of Epidemiology, NCHS
3311 Toledo Road, Room 6425
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4164 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhefs.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhefs/nhefspuf.htm.
Overview:
The purpose of the NHEFS is to investigate the relationships of clinical, nutritional, and behavioral factors assessed in NHANES I to subsequent morbidity and mortality. The three major objectives are to assess (1) morbidity and mortality associated with suspected risk factors, (2) changes in partici-pants’ characteristics, and (3) natural history of chronic disease and functional impairments.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NHANES I respondents were traced and interviewed in 1982–1984, 1986, and 1987. Whereas NHANES I contains information gathered in physical exams, laboratory tests, and interviews, NHEFS is primarily a personal interview survey that relies on self-reporting of conditions. In addition, hospital and nursing home records were collected for any episode that occurred since the respondent’s NHANES I examination, and death certificates were collected for those who had died. The sample is followed annually with the use of the National Death Index to obtain death certificates for respondents who have died between followup interviews. Health care facility records and death certificates were reviewed for the decedents. Pulse rate, weight, and blood pressure measurements were recorded for surviving participants.
Sample Characteristics:
NHEFS82 traced a total of 13,383 of the 14,407 NHANES I respondents. The sample was chosen from participants who were ages 25 to 74 when examined in NHANES I. Proxies were used for those who were incapacitated or deceased. A total of 10,523 living respondents were interviewed out of the 11,361 who were traced (93% response rate).
Alcohol Variables:
NHEFS82 alcohol variables are derived from rather detailed drinking questions:
Have you had at least 12 drinks of any kind of alcoholic beverage in any 1 year?
What is your main reason for not drinking?
Have you had at least one drink of beer, wine, or liquor during the past year?
What is your main reason for not drinking in the past year?
How old were you when you quit drinking?
On average, how often do you drink alcoholic beverages (i.e., beer, wine, or liquor)?
On days that you drink, about how many drinks do you usually have?
In how many of the past 12 months did you have at least 1 drink of any alcoholic beverage?
During the past 12 months, on about how many days did you have nine or more (five or more) drinks of any alcoholic beverage?
Do you now drink more, less, or about the same as you did a year ago?
Do you now consider yourself a light, moderate, or heavy drinker?
Which drinking category best describes your usual drinking pattern when you were 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75? For each age level, the categories range from 9+ drinks a day or 60+ per week to less than 1 drink a week.
Did you ever drink more than the amount you drank when you were (age of greatest drinking) for 3 months or longer? Which of the categories best describes your drinking during that period? About how old were you when you started drinking that amount? For about how long was this typical of your drinking?
Other Variables:
Other NHEFS82 variables include demographics (age, sex, race, education, occupation, income, employment status, marital status), medical history (medical conditions), nutrition (dietary recall and food frequency), physical examination, and other measurements.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Studies (NHEFS86)—1986
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Christine S. Cox
Division of Epidemiology, NCHS
3311 Toledo Road, Room 6425
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4164 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhefs.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhefs/nhefspuf.htm.
Overview:
NHEFS86 was conducted to extend the followup period for the older NHEFS population. The main objectives of NHEFS86 were to (1) continue monitoring changes over time in health, functional status, and utilization of hospitals and nursing homes; and (2) track the incidence of various medical conditions.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NHEFS86 was restricted to 5,677 NHEFS subjects who were ages 55 and older at the time of their NHANES I examination (almost 40% of the entire cohort). Tracking and data collection in 1986 consisted of a portion of these subjects, known as the 1986 followup cohort. The design and data collection in NHEFS86 was similar to NHEFS82. In NHEFS86 each interview averaged 30 minutes and was conducted primarily by telephone. A 2-hour in-person interview was conducted in NHEFS82. No physical measures were taken in NHEFS86.
Sample Characteristics:
The NHEFS86 cohort consisted of 3,980 subjects ages 55 and older at NHANES I who were not known to be deceased in NHEFS82.
Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol (drinking) variables in NHEFS86 included five questions:
Have you had at least one drink of beer, wine, or liquor during the past year?
How often did you drink alcoholic beverages?
How many cans or bottles of beer did you drink per day, week, month, or year?
How many glasses of wine did you drink?
How many shots or drinks of hard liquor, either straight or in a mixed drink, did you drink?
Other Variables:
To maintain item comparability, most questions in NHEFS86 were the same as those used in previous NHEFS administrations. Other variables included demographic data. In addition, subject and proxy interviews were sectioned to provide the following: living arrangements; household composition; history of selected medical conditions; functional limitation; smoking and alcohol habits; exercise and weight; vision and hearing; pregnancy and menstrual history; community services; activity level; urinary incontinence; changes in memory; utilization of hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care facilities; and locality of subject’s death.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Studies (NHEFS87)—1987
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Christine S. Cox
Division of Epidemiology, NCHS
3311 Toledo Road, Room 6425
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4164 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhefs.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhefs/nhefspuf.htm.
Overview:
NHEFS87, the third wave of the NHANES I followup, collected information on changes in the health and functional status of the entire NHEFS cohort since the last contact. The design and data collection procedures adopted in NHEFS87 were very similar to the ones developed in the previous surveys: subjects were tracked, subject and proxy interviews were conducted, and health care facility abstracts and death certificates were collected. All subjects whose vital status was not obtained through tracking procedures were considered lost to followup.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NHEFS87 consisted of all nondeceased respondents from the NHANES I cohort who completed a medical examination for the baseline survey (14,407). Interviews were conducted in a similar manner to those in NHEFS86, with each interview averaging 30 minutes and taking place primarily by telephone. No physical measurements were taken in NHEFS87.
Sample Characteristics:
At the end of the data collection period for NHEFS87, 11,018 of the 11,750 members of the NHEFS cohort had been successfully tracked. Interviews were conducted for 9,998 subjects (a response rate of 91%). In addition, 7,361 facility stay records were collected for 3,472 subjects, and death certificates were obtained for 524 of the 555 subjects who were deceased since last contact.
Alcohol Variables:
NHEFS87 alcohol variables were derived from the following:
Has the subject had at least one drink of beer, wine, or liquor in the past year?
[For each beverage type in the past year] how often did the subject drink (beer, wine, liquor) and, on average, how often has the subject drank (beer, wine, liquor)?
On drinking days, how many (cans, glasses, shots) were consumed each day?
Other Variables:
To maintain item comparability with both NHANES I and the earlier surveys in the NHEFS series, the majority of questions in NHEFS87 are the same as those used previously. Demographic data are available. In addition, subject and proxy questionnaires were divided into categories. They provided data to construct the following variables: living arrangements and household composition; history of selected medical conditions; functional limitation; smoking and alcohol habits; exercise and weight; vision and hearing; pregnancy and menstrual history; utilization of hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care facilities; and locality of subject’s death.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Studies (NHEFS92)—1992
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Christine S. Cox
Division of Epidemiology, NCHS
3311 Toledo Road, Room 6425
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4164 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhefs.htmAvailability:
Data are available for download from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhefs/nhefspuf.htm.
Overview:
NHEFS92, the fourth wave of NHEFS, collected information on changes in the health and functional status of the entire NHEFS cohort since the last contact. The design and data collection procedures adopted in NHEFS92 were very similar to those developed in NHEFS87: subjects were tracked, subject and proxy interviews were conducted, and health care facility abstracts and death certificates were collected. All subjects whose vital status was not obtained through tracking procedures were considered lost to followup.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NHEFS92 consists of all nondeceased respondents from the NHANES I cohort who completed a medical examination at the baseline survey (14,407).
Sample Characteristics:
At the end of the NHEFS92 data collection period, 10,079 of the 11,195 members of the NHEFS87 cohort had been successfully tracked (90%). Interviews were conducted for 9,281 subjects of this cohort (response rate of 92%). In addition, 10,535 facility stay records were collected, and death certificates were obtained for 90 percent of subjects who were deceased since last contact.
Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol questions consist of the following:
Has subject had at least one drink of beer, wine, or liquor in past year?
During the past year how often did subject drink beer?
On days subject drank beer, how many cans, bottles, or glasses did subject drink?
During the past year how often did subject drink wine?
On days subject drank wine, how many glasses did subject drink?
During the past year how often did subject drink liquor?
On days subject drank liquor, how many shots of liquor did subject drink?
Other Variables:
To maintain item comparability with NHANES I, NHEFS82, NHEFS86, and NHEFS87, the majority of questions in NHEFS92 are the same used in the previous surveys. Demographic information is available. In addition, subject and proxy questionnaires were divided into categories that determined the following: living arrangements and household composition; history of selected medical conditions; functional limitations; smoking and alcohol habits; exercise and weight; vision and hearing; pregnancy and menstrual history; utilization of hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care facilities.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II (NHANES II)—1976–80
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
NCHS, Division of Health Examination Statistics
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4567 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhanesii.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhanes/datalink.htm. Due to confidentiality requirements, the NHANES II linked data files only are available for analysis through the NCHS Research Data Center (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/r&d/rdc.htm).
Overview:
NHANES II is designed to monitor the nutritional status and medical condition of the U.S. population. It consists of eight elements, including questionnaires on household, medical histories for persons ages 6 months to 11 years and for persons 12–74 years, dietary intake (2), medication and vitamin usage, a dietary supplement, and a behavior questionnaire. To establish a baseline for assessing changes over time, data collection for NHANES II was made comparable to NHANES I. Therefore, the measurements for both surveys were taken in the same way and with the same age groups in the U.S. population.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NHANES II, however, employed a different sample design than that used with NHANES I. Different definitions and stratification procedures were used to identify primary sampling units (PSUs). Three subgroups of the population were given special consideration in the nutritional assessment: preschool children (6 months to 5 years), persons ages 60 to 74, and persons whose income was below the poverty level as defined by the 1970 U.S. Census. These procedures resulted in 64 PSU geographic locations throughout the United States.
NCHS has conducted a linkage of NHANES II with records in the National Death Index (1976– 2000) and the Medicare Utilization and Expenditure data (1962–2000). The linkage of the NHANES II survey participants with the other data provides opportunities to conduct studies designed to investigate the association of a variety of health factors with disability, chronic disease, health care utilization, morbidity, and mortality.
Sample Characteristics:
NHANES II sampled 27,801 persons, of which 20,322 were given medical exams.
Alcohol Variables:
NHANES II includes alcoholic beverage use in both the Dietary 24-Hour Recall and the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Beer, wine, and liquor are included in the alcoholic beverages food group. The survey also has quantity–frequency (QF) questions covering a reporting window of 3 months. Drinking frequency response categories include never, less than once a week, and 1–6 times a week. Drinking quantity response categories include 1–24 times, 1–5 times, and 1–15 times per day.
Other Variables:
Demographic variables include age, sex, and race. Other variables include medical history, health history, dietary intake (24-hour recall and supplement), medications/vitamin usage, behavior questionnaire, control record, body measurements, audiometry, allergy testing, spirometry, liver function test, glucose challenge, speech pathology test, and physician’s examination.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II Mortality Study (NH2MS)—1976–92
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Division of Health Examination Statistics, NCHS
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4636 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/series/sr01/pre-21/sr1_38.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Datasets/NH2MS.
Overview:
NH2MS, conducted from February 1976 to February 1992, is a prospective cohort study that passively followed a subset of NHANES II participants. The NH2MS is designed to investigate the association between factors measured at baseline with NHANES II and overall mortality or death from specific causes. NHANES II obtained information gathered from physical exams, laboratory tests, and interviews, whereas NH2MS involved searching national databases containing mortality and cause-of-death information about deceased NHANES II respondents. NH2MS mortality data can be linked with baseline NHANES II data to examine the relationships between health factors and specific causes of death.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NH2MS mortality status was ascertained by searching two computerized databases containing information on deaths occurring in the U.S.: The National Death Index (NDI), compiled by NCHS, and the Social Security Administration’s (SSA) Death Master File. NH2MS’ design differs from that of the NHEFS series in that it is entirely passive. As a passive followup, NH2MS subjects were not recontacted NHANES II participants, nor were all death certificates obtained. Mortality status was ascertained solely by computerized matching to national databases and evaluation of the resulting matches. The length of the followup periods ranges from 12 to 16 years.
Sample Characteristics:
NH2MS is comprised of adults who were ages 30–75 at the time of their NHANES II examination (n=9,252). This cohort is a subset of the persons selected to participate in the NHANES II (which consisted of a nationwide probability sample of approximately 28,000 persons ages 6 months through 74 years from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the U.S.). Some NHANES II participants were interviewed but not examined, and only those examined were followed for mortality status.
Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol variables such as the frequency of alcohol use in the Dietary 24-Hour Recall and the Food Frequency Questionnaire from NHANES II (see page 32) can be linked with the mortality data.
Other Variables:
NH2MS mortality data can be linked with the earlier baseline NHANES II data to examine the relationships between specific causes of death and a wide variety of health and nutrition.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III)—1988–94
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Division of Health Examination Statistics
NCHS
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4567 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhanes3.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Datasets/NHANES/NHANESIII/. Due to confidentiality requirements, the NHANES III linked data files only are available for analysis through the NCHS Research Data Center (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/r&d/rdc.htm).
Overview:
NHANES III, the third cycle in the NHANES series, was conducted on a nationwide probability sample during 1988–1994. The survey was designed to collect information on the health and nutritional status of a national sample of the U.S. population through interviews and direct physical examinations.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NHANES III is the largest of the NHANES series so far. Because minority groups can have very different health status and characteristics, Black Americans and Mexican Americans were oversampled and comprised about 30 percent of the total sample. All selected persons were asked to complete an extensive interview and were examined in a mobile examination center. The survey period (1988–1994) consisted of two phases of equal length and sample size. Both Phase 1 and Phase 2 data collection involved random samples of the U.S. population living in households. NHANES III data are contained in five separate files (Adult Household Data, Youth Household Data, Examination Data, Laboratory Data, and Dietary Recall Data) that contain nearly all the data collected in the survey.
NCHS has conducted a linkage of NHANES III with records in the National Death Index (1988–2000), the Medicare Enrollment and Claims data (1991– 2000), and the Social Security benefit history data (1962–2003). The linkage of the NHANES III survey participants with the other data provides opportunities to conduct studies designed to investigate the association of a variety of health factors with disability, chronic disease, health care utilization, morbidity, and mortality.
Sample Characteristics:
NHANES III used a nationwide probability sample of 33,994 persons age 2 months and older, including large samples of both young and old respondents. About 12,000 of the sample persons were Black, 12,000 were Mexican Americans, and the remaining 16,000 were of all other race and ethnicity groups. NHANES III consists of 20,050 adult household data records, 29,314 lab data records, 13,994 youth household data records, and 31,311 examination data records.
Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol questions were asked of respondents age 12 years or older regarding alcohol use in the past 12 months, including number of drinking days, number of drinks per day on drinking days, number of days consumed 5+ and 9+ drinks, and ever consumed 5+ drinks almost everyday (adults only). Frequency of drinking (beer, wine, hard liquor) in the past month were asked of youths ages 12 to 16 in the dietary food frequency section of NHANES III.
Other Variables:
Some of the 30 topics covered in NHANES III are high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, obesity, passive smoking, lung disease, osteoporosis, HIV, hepatitis, helicobacter pylori, immunization status, diabetes, allergies, growth and development, blood lead, anemia, depression, food sufficiency, dietary intake, antioxidants, and nutritional blood measures.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Continuous NHANES)—1999–2004
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Division of Health Examination Statistics
NCHS
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4636 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhanes/nhanes2003-2004/nhanes03_04.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Datasets/NHANES/.
Overview:
The latest NHANES began in 1999 and became a continuous program, which will have a changing focus on a variety of health and nutrition measurements to meet emerging needs. The survey was designed to obtain nationally representative information on the health and nutritional status of the population of the United States through interviews and direct physical examinations.
Survey Design/Methodology:
Unlike NHANES III, which was designed to be nationally representative over a 3- or 6-year period, the new continuous NHANES is annually representative. The survey examines a nationally representative sample of about 5,000 persons each year. These persons are located in counties across the country, 15 of which are visited each year. All selected persons were asked to complete an extensive interview. More than 90 percent of those were given a physical examination either in a mobile examination center (MEC) or at home. The data are contained in more than 50 separate files under the broad categories: Demographic Data, Examination Data, Laboratory Data, and Questionnaire Data.
Sample Characteristics:
NHANES samples include persons in the civilian, non-institutionalized population ages 2 months and older. Certain demographic subgroups, including adolescents 15–19 and persons 60 and older, African Americans, and Mexican Americans are oversampled to enable accurate estimates for these groups. Participation in laboratory tests depends on respondents’ age at interview and sex. Data from the continuous NHANES are released in two-year period cycles and are currently available for 1999–2000, 2001–2002, and 2003–2004, with about 10,000 respondents per period.
Alcohol Variables:
Respondents ages 20 and older were asked about their lifetime and past year alcohol use. The past year questions include the number of drinking days, number of drinks per day on drinking days, number of days consumed 5+ drinks, and ever a time in life consuming 5+ drinks almost every day. In addition, the amount of alcohol consumed in the 24 hours prior to interview and the frequency of beer, wine, and liquor consumption in the past 30 days were asked.
Respondents ages 12–19 were asked about the number of days having 1+ drinks in life, and past month alcohol use, including the number of days having 1+ drinks and 5+ drinks. However, these variables are not released to the public. They can be analyzed through the NCHS Research Data Center.
Other Variables:
There are more than 50 topics investigated in the continuous NHANES. They include smoking, drug use, physical activity, weight, dietary intake, reproductive history and sexual behavior, environmental exposures, physical fitness and physical functioning, mental health and cognitive functioning, hearing loss, vision, and a number of medical conditions.
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)—General Description, 1957–96
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Division of Health Examination Statistics, NCHS
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4636 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htmAvailability:
NHIS data files for 1969–96 are available for download from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm. Due to confidentiality requirements, the NHIS linked data files only are available for analysis through the NCHS Research Data Center (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/r&d/rdc.htm).
Overview:
Since its inception in 1957, NHIS has been a continuing nationwide sample survey in which U.S. Census Bureau interviewers collect data through personal interviews with household members. Data are used to provide national estimates on the incidence of acute conditions, the prevalence of chronic conditions and impairments, the extent of disability, the utilization of health care services (physician visits and hospital episodes), and other health-related topics. All conditions are coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
NHIS is redesigned periodically to emphasize data collection on current health issues. The NHIS questionnaire and data preparation procedures were extensively revised in 1982. Sampling revisions were introduced in 1985 and 1995. Use of supplements also allows specialized data collection. Supplements may include health promotion and disease prevention (HPDP), knowledge of, and attitudes toward, AIDS, smoking, alcohol and other drug use, cancer and heart disease risk factors, other health risk factors, health insurance, and aging.
Survey Design/Methodology:
Conceptually, the NHIS sampling plan has remained the same since 1957. It follows a stratified multistage probability design that permits a continuous sampling of the noninstitutionalized civilian population residing in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey designs for 1973–84 had 386 primary sampling units (PSUs). For the years 1985–94 there were 198 PSUs, and the current design (1995–04) employs a total of 358 PSUs. NHIS data are obtained through personal interviews with household members. Proxy reporting by a knowledgeable adult is used for absent adults and persons younger than age 19. Interviews are conducted weekly for a year by the U.S. Census Bureau interviewers using a probability sample of households. Blacks are oversampled.
NCHS has developed a linkage of the NHIS conducted in 1986 and later years with records in the National Death Index (1986–2002), the Medicare Enrollment and Claims data (1991–2000), and the Social Security benefit history data (1962–2003). The linkage of the NHIS survey participants with the other data provides opportunities to conduct studies designed to investigate the association of a variety of health factors with disability, chronic disease, health care utilization, morbidity, and mortality, using the rich data from the NHIS core and supplement questionnaires.
Sample Characteristics:
The NHIS sample size varies by component and by year, ranging from approximately 43,000 households including 106,000 persons. The technical characteristics of NHIS data for 1983–1996 are as follows:
Year Number of Records Alcohol-Related Supplement* Household Person 1983 40,912 105,620 Alcohol Section 1984 41,471 105,290 1985 36,399 91,531 HPDP 1986 24,698 62,052 1987 49,569 122,859 Cancer Risk Factor 1988 50,061 122,310 Alcohol Section 1989 48,054 116,929 1990 48,680 119,631 HPDP 1991 48,853 120,032 Drug and Alcohol Use and HPDP 1992 51,643 128,412 YRBS
Cancer Epidemiology1993 43,007 109,671 Clinical and Prevention Services 1994 45,705 116,179 1995 39,239 102,467 1996 24,371 63,402 *Listed if alcohol variables included.
Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol variables are available in several NHIS supplement surveys, as described in the following pages.
Other Variables:
For each sample person there are five files in the core questionnaire containing health conditions, doctor visits, hospital stays, household characteristics, and person characteristics.
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)—General Description, 1997–2005
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Division of Health Examination Statistics
NCHS
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4636 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.
Overview:
NHIS is a multipurpose health survey conducted continuously since 1957 by NCHS to obtain national information about the incidence and distribution of illness, its effects in terms of disability and chronic impairments, and the type of health services people receive. It is the principal source of health information on the civilian, noninstitutionalized, household population of the United States.
NHIS Core questionnaire items have been revised about every 10–15 years, with the last major revision occurring in 1997. From 1982–96 NHIS consisted of two parts: (1) a core set of basic health and demographic items and (2) one or more supplemental sets of questions on current health topics. NCHS initiated a redesign of the NHIS questionnaire that was fielded in 1997 to reduce the data collection burden and the interview length.
NHIS’ redesign has three parts or modules: a Basic Module, a Periodic Module, and a Topical Module on prevention. The Basic Module functions as the new Core questionnaire. It will remain largely unchanged from year to year and will allow for trend analysis. In addition, for analytic purposes, data from more than 1 year can be pooled to increase the sample cell sizes.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NHIS is based on a stratified multistage sample design. Data are collected by the U.S. Census Bureau using computer-assisted interviews. For the Family Core component of the Basic Module, all adult members of the household age 18 and older who are at home at the time of the interview are invited to participate and to respond for themselves. For children and adults not at home during the interview, information is provided by a knowledgeable adult family member (age 18 or older) residing in the household. From each family in the survey, one sample adult and one sample child (if any children under age 18 are present) are randomly selected. This adult responds for him/herself to the questions in the Sample Adult questionnaire. Information for the Sample Child questionnaire is obtained from a knowledgeable adult in the household.
Changes in the state-level stratification increased the number of primary sampling locations from 198 to 358 in the 1995–2005 NHIS to enhance state estimation capabilities. Both Black and Hispanic populations are oversampled to allow for more precise estimation of health in these growing minority populations.
Sample Characteristics:
Most NHIS families consist of a group of two or more related persons who are living together in the same housing unit (household) in the sample. Individuals living alone or, in some instances, unrelated persons sharing the same household may also be considered as one family. The 2003 samples were reduced by approximately 10% of the households due to budget shortfall.
The sample sizes for 1997–2005 are as follows:
Year Families Person Adults Children 1997 40,623 103,477 36,116 14,290 1998 38,773 98,785 32,440 13,645 1999 38,171 97,059 32,801 12,910 2000 39,264 100,618 32,374 13,376 2001 39,633 100,761 33,326 14,709 2002 36,831 93,386 31,044 12,524 2003 36,573 92,148 30,852 12,249 2004 37,466 94,460 31,326 12,424 2005 39,284 98,649 31,428 12,523 Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol questions are now in the NHIS core questionnaire and include the following: 12+ drinks in lifetime, 12+ drinks in the past year, frequency of drinking (number of days drank in the past year), average number of drinks on drinking days in the past year, and the number of days in the past year having had 5+ drinks.
Other Variables:
Other variables include many sociodemographic characteristics and variables related to limitation of activity, injuries, poisoning, health insurance, access to health care, health care utilization, health conditions, income and assets, immunizations, and testing for AIDS. The 2000 Cancer Control Module covers Hispanic acculturation, diet and nutrition, physical activity, tobacco, cancer screening, genetic testing, and family history of cancer.
National Health Interview Survey on Disability (NHIS-D) and Year 2000 Objectives—1994–95
Sponsoring Agency:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Division of Health Examination Statistics, NCHS
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4636 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhis_dis/nhis_dis.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download fromhttp://www.icpsr.umich.edu by searching on NHIS-D and Year 2000. Data also can be obtained from NCHS’ Division of Health Interview Statistics.
Overview:
NHIS-D is a supplementary survey to the NHIS and was conducted in two phases over a 2-year period from 1994 to 1995. NHIS-D gathers more specific information than the NHIS on sample members with disabilities (e.g., diagnostic, functional, social, and behavioral characteristics; service needs and use; and general circumstances and experiences). NHIS-D uses varying definitions of disability to collect data to help understand disability, to develop public health policy, to produce simple prevalence estimates of selected health conditions, and to provide descriptive baseline statistics on the effects of disabilities. Data items related to Year 2000 objectives were included in the NHIS-D Phase I survey.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NHIS-D Phase I was conducted concurrently with the NHIS Core survey. The regular NHIS Core and the NHIS-D Phase I supplemental data were used to identify persons with disabilities to be included in the Phase II followback interviews, which typically occurred several months after the initial household visit. Phase II NHIS-D was developed for four groups (<18 years, 18+ years, 18+ with a history of polio, and elderly persons [69+ years] without any indication of disability).
Sample Characteristics:
Phase I was administered to about 73,000 households: 42,000 in the 1994 sample and 31,000 in the 1995 sample. Taken together, about 186,000 individuals were interviewed using the Phase I questionnaire. Eighteen thousand adults and 5,000 children from the 1994 cohort and 12,800 adults and 3,600 children from the 1995 cohort were identified in Phase I as having a disability. There were 19,738 respondents to the Year 2000 Objectives Supplement.
Alcohol Variables:
Disability Supplement, Part E, Mental Health:
During the past 12 months, did respondent have an alcohol abuse disorder?
Year 2000 Objectives Supplement, Part E, Clinical Preventive Services:
During your last checkup, were you asked about how much and how often you drink alcohol?
Disability Followback, Child Questionnaire, Section K, Mental Health asks about substance abuse services in past 12 months.
Disability Followback, Adult Questionnaire, Section M, Health Opinions and Behaviors, and Aging Questionnaire, Section K, Health Opinions and Behaviors:
Have you had at least one drink of beer, wine, or liquor in the past year?
During the past year, on the average, on how many days did you drink alcoholic beverages?
On those days when you drank, about how many drinks would you say you had?
Other Variables:
In addition to NHIS Core items, major data collection topics included immunization, disability, family resources, Year 2000 objectives, knowledge and attitudes about AIDS, and disability followback on children, adults, and aging cohorts.
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), Year 2000 Objectives Supplement—1993
Sponsoring Agency:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Division of Health Examination Statistics
NCHS
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4636 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhischt.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu by searching on Year 2000 Objectives. Data files can also be obtained through NCHS’ Division of Health Interview Statistics.
Overview:
One or more sets of supplemental questions are added to NHIS each year to gather information on topics that are not covered in the core set of questions. Year 2000 Objectives Supplement is one of six supplements in the 1993 NHIS. The Objectives Supplement contains items on nine selected topics that relate to the Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Year 2000 Health Objectives: environmental health, tobacco use, nutrition, occupational safety and health, heart disease, other chronic and disabling conditions, clinical and preventive services, mental health, and oral health.
Survey Design/Methodology:
NHIS data in 1993 were collected in the latter half of the year for all topics. A person 18 years or older was sampled from each household.
Sample Characteristics:
There were 21,028 respondents to the Year 2000 Objectives Supplement for 1993.
Alcohol Variables:
One alcohol question included under the clinical and preventive services section of Year 2000 Objectives Supplement asks whether the respondent was asked during their last medical checkup “How much and how often do you drink alcohol?”
Other Variables:
This supplement includes variables from the NHIS Core Person File, including sex, age, race, marital status, veteran status, education, income, industry and occupation codes, and limits on activity. Other variables include type of residence, whether the home was built before 1950, whether household air was tested for radon, current smoking status, current activities to control weight, employer-sponsored exercise programs, amount of stress in the past year, and the effect of stress on health in the past year. Variables on mental health and oral health include amount of stress in the past 2 weeks and in the past year, total number of dental visits in the past 12 months, loss of teeth, and general health status.
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), YRBS and Cancer Epidemiology Supplements—1992
Sponsoring Agency:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Division of Health Examination Statistics
NCHS
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4636 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhischt.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu by searching on Cancer Epidemiology. Data files also can be obtained through NCHS’ Division of Health Interview Statistics.
Overview:
The 1992 Youth Risk Behavior Survey was a followback to the 1992 NHIS and is one piece of a larger system of research, the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) that was developed to monitor the major risk behaviors of American youth. The 1992 Cancer Epidemiology Supplement to the NHIS was designed to monitor the risk factors for cancer and the U.S. adult population’s knowledge, beliefs and attitudes associated with cancer.
Survey Design/Methodology:
For the Cancer Epidemiology Supplement, one person age 18 or older was randomly sampled from each household in the 1992 NHIS sample. Hispanic Americans were oversampled. For the YRBS, the sample of children ages 12 to 21 was drawn from families who were interviewed for the 1992 NHIS. The sampled YRBS youth were contacted in person and responded for themselves. Information was obtained by the use of cassette tape recorder and tape containing the previously recorded YRBS questions. Sample youth listened to the taped interview and recorded their responses on answer sheets. Identification of out-of-school youth was achieved by inquiring whether the respondent was now going to school or on vacation from school.
Sample Characteristics:
The YRBS sample included 10,645 respondents, ages 12–21. The Cancer Epidemiology Supplement included 12,005 respondents.
Alcohol Variables:
Questions in the Epidemiology Supplement were repeated for beer, wine, and liquor:
During the past year or so, how often did you drink ______?
On the days you drank ______, how many (cans/glasses/bottles) did you drink?
Were they small, medium, or large?
YRBS alcohol questions include age at first drink, lifetime drinking, past 30 days drinking, binge drinking in past 30 days, frequency of riding with drinking driver in past 30 days, frequency of driving after drinking in the past 30 days.
Other Variables:
The Cancer Epidemiology Supplement includes questions on immunization, acculturation, food frequency, vitamin and mineral intake, height and weight, food knowledge, cancer survivorship, smoking, occupational exposure, and family resources.
YRBS questions include seatbelt and bike helmet use, physical fighting, use of weapons, tobacco use, other drug use, HIV knowledge, weight, diet, dieting history, exercise, and history of runaway and sexual behaviors.
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), Drug and Alcohol Use Supplement—1991
Sponsoring Agency:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Division of Health Examination Statistics
NCHS
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4636 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhischt.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu by searching on Drug and Alcohol Use Supplement. Data files can also be obtained through NCHS’ Division of Health Interview Statistics.
Overview:
The 1991 NHIS includes data on health conditions, current health status, and disabilities. The Drug and Alcohol Supplement collected additional data to study relationships between drug use and the various indicators in the NHIS (e.g., health status and health care utilization related to substance use and abuse).
Survey Design/Methodology:
The Drug and Alcohol Supplement was a self-administered cross-sectional household interview survey of respondents ages 18–44 years using the NHIS multistage probability design that permits continuous sampling throughout the year.
Sample Characteristics:
The sample included 21,174 respondents, ages 18–44, with a response rate of 76 percent. This sample is a subset of the NHIS special topic questionnaire on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (HPDP).
Alcohol Variables:
Questions include lifetime and past 12 month quantity and frequency of use for all beverages combined; largest number of drinks in a single day; and frequency of drinking at maximum level.
Other Variables:
Drug questions include use of prescription medicine, sedatives, tranquilizers, painkillers, inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin, marijuana, cocaine, and crack cocaine. Driving under the influence of drugs also is included. Demographic and health variables (e.g., health status and limitations, acute and chronic conditions, and health care utilization) from the core NHIS can be linked to variables in the supplement.
National Health Interview Survey, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement (NHIS-HPDP)—1985, 1990, and 1991
Sponsoring Agency:
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Division of Health Examination Statistics
NCHS
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4636 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhischt.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu by searching on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Data files can also be obtained through NCHS’ Division of Health Interview Statistics.
Overview:
In addition to the NHIS Core questionnaire, the Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement (HPDP) was used to collect data to assess progress toward the Year 2000 Health Objectives for the nation. Many of the questions were directed towards knowledge of the risks and benefits of certain health practices. Questions were repetitions of those asked in 1985, allowing for examination of trends.
Survey Design/Methodology:
This general household survey of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population uses a multistage probability design that permits continuous sampling throughout the year. One randomly selected individual, age 18 or older, in each selected household was asked to respond to the HPDP supplement.
Sample Characteristics:
The sample size for the HPDP supplement was 33,630 individuals in 1985, 41,104 individuals in 1990, and 43,732 in 1991.
Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol variables include the following: quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption, number of days consumed 5+ and 9+ drinks per day, main reason for not drinking, driving when having had too much to drink, knowledge of the risk of heavy alcohol drinking on certain health conditions, miscarriages, pregnancy outcome, and knowledge of fetal alcohol syndrome.
Other Variables:
Sociodemographic variables include sex, age, race, marital status, geographic region, education, income, and employment status. Health variables include acute illness, injuries, disability days associated with acute and chronic conditions, prevalence of selected chronic conditions and impairments, limitation of activity, use of physicians, and hospital stays. The 1985 HPDP supplement also contains data on pregnancy and smoking, nutrition, seatbelt use, high blood pressure, stress, dental care, and occupational safety and health. The 1990 HPDP supplement also contains data on general health habits, mammography, injury control, child safety and health, cardiovascular diseases, stress, exercise, smoking, and dental care.
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), Alcohol Sections—1983 and 1988
Sponsoring Agency:
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Division of Health Examination Statistics
NCHS
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4636 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhischt.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu by searching on NHIS Alcohol. Data files can be obtained through NCHS’ Division of Health Interview Statistics.
Overview:
The 1983 and 1988 supplements follow the general scheme of all NHIS yearly surveys. Data on health conditions, current health status, disabilities, and contacts with health practitioners are included. The 1983 supplement contains detailed, self-report information on alcohol consumption by beverage type (beer, wine, and liquor), past drinking practices, and a small set of questions on problems related to drinking.
Survey Design/Methodology:
The 1983 and 1988 NHIS samples randomly selected one person 18 years of age or older in each household to respond to the 1983 and 1988 alcohol sections. Blacks were oversampled in 1988.
Sample Characteristics:
Alcohol data were collected on 22,418 respondents 1983 and 43,809 respondents in 1988. Questions in the 1988 alcohol supplement were asked of all appropriate respondents regardless of current drinking status.
Alcohol Variables:
Alcohol variables include detailed information on quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption by beverage type, preferred beverage, number of days consumed 5+/9+ drinks per day, and reasons for reducing consumption or not drinking. Information was also gathered on presence of selected health conditions; self-defined heavy, moderate, and light drinking; social and behavioral consequences of alcohol consumption related to family; job/work; injury; and health. The 1988 instrument included an extensive checklist of social and behavioral consequences of drinking that permitted estimates of alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse using DSM-III-R and ICD-10 definitions.
Other Variables:
Sociodemographic variables include sex, age, race, marital status, geographic region, education, income, and employment status. Health variables include acute illness, injuries, disability days associated with acute and chronic conditions, prevalence of selected chronic conditions and impairments, limitation of activity, use of physicians, and use of short-stay hospitals. Data on smoking were collected in 1983.
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Cancer Risk Factor Supplement, Epidemiologic Study—1987
Sponsoring Agency:
National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Contact:
Division of Health Examination Statistics
NCHS
3311 Toledo Road
Hyattsville, MD 20782
(301) 458-4636 or 1-866-441-NCHS
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/elec_prods/subject/nhischt.htmAvailability:
Data files are available for download from http://www.icpsr.umich.edu by searching on cancer epidemiology. Data files can also be obtained through NCHS’s Division of Health Interview Statistics.
Overview:
Since 1957 NHIS has continuously monitored illness and injury, disability and chronic impairments, and use of health services of people in the United States. In 1987 two supplements were added for two sub-samples of NHIS respondents to gather data on cancer control and epidemiology. Self-reported information on the consumption of alcohol was collected in the Epidemiology Study.
Survey Design/Methodology:
This general household survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population employs a multistage probability design permitting continuous sampling throughout the year. The sample of households interviewed each week is representative of the target population, and weekly samples are additive over time. There was oversampling of adults in some Hispanic households.
Sample Characteristic